L7 Testing and Early Clinical Psych Flashcards
What did Paul Broca’s conclude with his work in intelligence and brain size?
Brain localisation and intelligence testingBrain size: believed that intelligence was linked to brain size: men more intelligent than women.
Archeology: found that primitive brains were not as differentiated, difference becoming more stark
Conclusions: mature adults more intelligent than elderly, modern brains more intelligent than primitive, and men more intelligent that women. But only used brain size as proxy.
What was Galton’s role in anthropometrics?
Psychometrics: Galton set up an Anthropometric Laboratory at the International Health Exhibition in London in 1885. People payed him to be tested on instruments he invented, thus founding psychometrics.
What were among James Mckeen Cattell’s accomplishments?
Wundt: first American to do Ph.D with Wundt Worked with Galton, brings correlation and regression to the mean back to US
Founded Journals: Science, Popular Science Monthly, Scientific Monthly, Psychological Review, American Men of ScienceHelped to establish psychology as a legitimate science
Who was the main proponent of structuralism, and how did structuralism develop?
Edward Titchener “Psychologic Table” Ideas for structuralism were influenced by his time spent working with Wundt. Wanted to classify structures of the mind into their component parts, in the same way chemists’ devised the periodic table.
Legacy of Edward Titchener
The Manuals: writes laboratory manuals for psychology with lab exercises for students
Ph.Ds: highest number of Ph.Ds in the US, his first graduate student was first woman to be granted a Ph.D (Margaret Floy Washburn)
Instruments and Testing:
Moss ergograph: endurance grip - determinationWet spirometer: measure of intelligenceVoltmeter: elevation of heels and presence or absence of tremors - measure of spunkWissler showed all these predicted nothing
Alfred Binet’s training and testing
Worked with Charcot and Witt
Binet-Simon: developed test to detect learning difficulties in children. Use mental age and chronological age
Contrast Charles Spearman’s two factor theory of intelligence with Binet
Spearman: specific factors and general factors - IQ becomes synonymous with G
Spearman emphasised the importance of inheritance (more of a eugenics supporter)
Binet believes intelligence can be improved
what was Henry Goddard’s contribution to intelligence?
Founded the research component of Vineland school for feeble-minded children
Translates: the Binet- Simon scale, popularises it
Moron: Coins “moron” to use as a descriptor of a band of intelligence
Immigration: developed tests to check the IQ of immigrants to see if they should be allowed in.
What was Lewis Terman’s line of research? and what did he affectionately call his participants?
Intelligence: develops the Stanford-binet scale (and believes intelligence is high heritable)
Genius: longitudinal study on genius and giftedness
Gifted children affectionately referred to as ‘termites’
Name the 4 main contributions of Lightner Witmer
Clinical Psychology: founded the first psychological clinic in America.
Journal: founded first journal of clinical psychology
School: established a residential school for retarded and troubled children
Case study: helped devise a program for 14 year old Charles Gilman who has trouble spelling but above intelligence in other areas. Kids improves but dies of TB
Periodic function and the variability hypothesis
periodic function: women were intellectually incapacitated during menstruation
Variability hypothesis: men more variable than women: more idiots more geniuses, so men more suited to highly intellectual tasks
When did Christine Ladd-Franklin receive her Ph.D who did she study with, and what theories did she develop?
Awarded her Ph.D when she was 78 - 44 years after she had earned it
Think vitalism: studied with Muller and Helmholtz in Germany
Theories: evolution of colour vision and psychophysics, she was also a raging feminist (YAY for raging feminists!)
What did Margaret Floy Washburn achieve, and who was her advisor?
Ph.D: first woman to earn her Ph.D is psychology in 1894 - the effects of visual imagery on tactile sensitivity
Second female to be APA president in 1921
Doctoral advisor was Titchener, but was also successor to James’ motor theory of consciousness
What were 3 Antecedents of Behaviourism?
Influence of 19th century mechanistic and materialist thinking
Positivism: popularised in the 19th century - Auguste Comte staunch empiricist
Animal psychology: popularised in the 19th century - rejection of introspection and subjectivity
