L7-Marine invasion Flashcards

1
Q

how many waves of marine invasions where their?

A

two possibly a new third

different vectors

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2
Q

What is a marine invasion?

A

human mediated transport of species outside their natural range

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3
Q

What was vector of the first wave?

A

wooden ships, critters attaching to boats.

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4
Q

What were the features of animals of first fave?

A

filter feeders
lecithotrophic
good competertitos
adults

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5
Q

What was second wave?

A

ballast waters

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6
Q

What where the features animals of second wave?

A

wide range of niches
predators and filter feeders
plantonick species
came as larvae

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7
Q

What is the new emerging wave?

A

Aquaculture
both directly and indirectly
domestication
aquarium trade

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8
Q

Impacts of the first wave?

A

smaller impact
• Competitive displacement?
• Changes in nutrient cycling?
• Empty Niche-not much lived on made made structures

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9
Q

Impacts of second wave?

A

• Prey upon native species-prey less well adapted
• Changes in nutrient cycling
• Habitat destruction and modification
more destructive

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10
Q

How easily can marine species be controlled?

A

• Once established, impossible to control

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11
Q

What are possible control strategies?

A
  • Reduce transport
  • Reduce spread
  • Reduce establishment
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12
Q

What affects establishment?

A
• Fundamental niche
       Physical conditions
        Biochemical confitions
• Realised niche
         Receiving community
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13
Q

How does species diversity effect invasion?

A

makes habitat harder to invade

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14
Q

What is the invasion paradox?

A
  • Increasing diversity in experiments tends to reduce invasibility
  • Natural populations with higher diversity can be more invaded
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15
Q

What causes invasion paradox?

A

areas with more diversity also have more resources for invaders

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16
Q

How does pollution affect invasive species?

A

invasive species doe better in areas with more pollution

17
Q

how are artificial structures different to natural?

A

provide novel growing surface not found in nature
low flow environment with lots of area for growth
Artificial structures rob coastal systems of energy

18
Q

How do artificial structures effect energy transport?

A

animals on structures
increase co2 production
animal on piers eat 78x the productivity than the area they cover

19
Q

How much biomass doe artificial structures add to port phillip bay?

A

9,649,000 kg or 3700 elephants

20
Q

What are solutions to artificial structures?

A

clear structures that allow autotrophs to grow

21
Q

How do oxygen levels affect invasive species?

A

Invasive species can tolerate lower oxygen

levels than native species

22
Q

How do invasive species avoid competition?

A

avoid low oxygen

23
Q

who uses more oxygen invasive or native?

A

invasive species