L7-Marine invasion

Question 1

how many waves of marine invasions where their?

Answer 1

two possibly a new third

different vectors

Question 2

What is a marine invasion?

Answer 2

human mediated transport of species outside their natural range

Question 3

What was vector of the first wave?

Answer 3

wooden ships, critters attaching to boats.

Question 4

What were the features of animals of first fave?

Answer 4

filter feeders
lecithotrophic
good competertitos
adults

Question 5

What was second wave?

Answer 5

ballast waters

Question 6

What where the features animals of second wave?

Answer 6

wide range of niches
predators and filter feeders
plantonick species
came as larvae

Question 7

What is the new emerging wave?

Answer 7

Aquaculture
both directly and indirectly
domestication
aquarium trade

Question 8

Impacts of the first wave?

Answer 8

smaller impact
• Competitive displacement?
• Changes in nutrient cycling?
• Empty Niche-not much lived on made made structures

Question 9

Impacts of second wave?

Answer 9

• Prey upon native species-prey less well adapted
• Changes in nutrient cycling
• Habitat destruction and modification
more destructive

Question 10

How easily can marine species be controlled?

Answer 10

• Once established, impossible to control

Question 11

What are possible control strategies?

Answer 11

• Reduce transport
• Reduce spread
• Reduce establishment

Question 12

What affects establishment?

Answer 12

• Fundamental niche
       Physical conditions
        Biochemical confitions
• Realised niche
         Receiving community

Question 13

How does species diversity effect invasion?

Answer 13

makes habitat harder to invade

Question 14

What is the invasion paradox?

Answer 14

• Increasing diversity in experiments tends to reduce invasibility
• Natural populations with higher diversity can be more invaded

Question 15

What causes invasion paradox?

Answer 15

areas with more diversity also have more resources for invaders

Question 16

How does pollution affect invasive species?

Answer 16

invasive species doe better in areas with more pollution

Question 17

how are artificial structures different to natural?

Answer 17

provide novel growing surface not found in nature
low flow environment with lots of area for growth
Artificial structures rob coastal systems of energy

Question 18

How do artificial structures effect energy transport?

Answer 18

animals on structures
increase co2 production
animal on piers eat 78x the productivity than the area they cover

Question 19

How much biomass doe artificial structures add to port phillip bay?

Answer 19

9,649,000 kg or 3700 elephants

Question 20

What are solutions to artificial structures?

Answer 20

clear structures that allow autotrophs to grow

Question 21

How do oxygen levels affect invasive species?

Answer 21

Invasive species can tolerate lower oxygen

levels than native species

Question 22

How do invasive species avoid competition?

Answer 22

avoid low oxygen

Question 23

who uses more oxygen invasive or native?

Answer 23

invasive species