L5-larval biology,effect of climate on larvae

Question 1

IS there a strong link between taxonomy and reproduction?

Answer 1

not in marine life
one genus can have three different developmental modes

Question 2

What are the two types of larvae?

Answer 2

Planktotrophy
Lecithotrophy

Question 3

What are Lecithotrophic larvae?

Answer 3

larvae that don’t feed

Question 4

What are Planktotrophy larvae?

Answer 4

larvae that feed in the plankton

Question 5

What are the types of direct development?

Answer 5

Capsular development(eggs)
Ovoviviparity
Viviparity

Question 6

How abundant is each developmental
mode?

Answer 6

~10% Aplanktonic
• ~40% Nonfeeding larvae
• ~50% Feeding larvae

Question 7

What are the features of Direct developers?

Answer 7

• Internal fertilisation
• Snails, squid, sea-starts, sea cucumbers
• Few offspring, very large
• No free swimming larval stage

Question 8

What are the features of Indirect developers?

Answer 8

• Any fertilisation
• Larval phase
• Everything but squid
• Larval phase and metamorphosis in the open

Question 9

What are the features of c?

Answer 9

• ‘plankton feeding’
• Spend weeks to months in plankton
• Small eggs, numerous
• Thought to be ancestral, present in everything
but crinoids and cephalopods

Question 10

What are the features of Lecithotrophs?

Answer 10

• ‘yolk feeding’
• Spend minutes to days in the plankton
• Larger, less numerous eggs
• Derived condition – very common

Question 11

How does development mode affect recovery from a disaster?

Answer 11

Planktotrophs
then Lecithotrophs
Direct developers

Question 12

How can nutrient loads affect plankton?

Answer 12

feed planktonic larvae which lead to being more successful which caused explosion in numbers eg. crown of thorns starfish

Question 13

Which groups have larger egg size?

Answer 13

direct
then Lecithotrophs
then Planktotrophs

Question 14

Which groups produce more larvae?

Answer 14

Planktotrophs
Lecithotrophs
direct

Question 15

Where are aplantonic development more common?

Answer 15

poles

Question 16

Where are Planktotrophs most common?

Answer 16

equator

Question 17

What does More time in the plankton mean?

Answer 17

higher mortality

Question 18

What is the primary trade off for larvae?

Answer 18

Fitness is a trade-off between large offspring that spend no time in plankton vs. small offspring that spend lots of time in the plankton

Question 19

What should happen If food availability
decreases?

Answer 19

larger eggs example isthmus of panama

Question 20

Where are larvae durations shortest and longest?

Answer 20

Larval durations are longest in the
poles, shortest in the tropics

Question 21

What does higher temperature mean?

Answer 21

Less time in plankton

Question 22

Where is average dispersal greatest and least?

Answer 22

Average dispersal is greatest near the south pole, high in the equator and the least in temperature regions

Question 23

How well connected are australian habitats?

Answer 23

no well at all some of the worst in the world

Question 24

What will happen as ocean heats?

Answer 24

more Planktotrophs
lost of loss of Aplanktonic especially in poles
species will invade towards the poles

Question 25

How will larval periods change in the poles in the future?

Answer 25

Larval periods are predicted to get
~50% shorter in the poles!