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Year 2 - T3 Theme 2 > L7 Anatomy of the forearm > Flashcards

L7 Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow joint - type

A

Synovial hinge joint - flexion/extension

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2
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint - type

A
  • Pivot joint for supination/pronation
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3
Q

Elbow ligaments

A
  • Annular ligament
  • Radial collateral ligament
  • Ulnar collateral ligament
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4
Q

What is the cubital fossa

A
  • Triangle region over anterior elbow
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5
Q

Clinical relevance of the median cubital vein

A
  • Important for venepuncture
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6
Q

Forearm compartments

A
  • Flexor compartment

- Extensor compartment

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7
Q

Superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A
  • 3 flexors of wrist (carpi)

- 1 pronator

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8
Q

Intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm

A
  • 1 flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
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9
Q

Deep muscles of the anterior forearm

A
  • 1 flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
  • 1 flexor of thumb (pollicis)
  • 1 pronator
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10
Q

What is golfers elbow

A
  • Epicondylitis at CFO(common flexor origin)

- Tendon inflammation due to overuse/excessive gripping)

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11
Q

Muscle that forms the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm

A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
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12
Q

Muscles that form the deep layer of the anterior forearm

A
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
    + pronator quadratus
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13
Q

Muscles in extensor compartment of the posterior forearm

A

Superficial muscles:

  • 3 extensors of wrist (carpi)
  • 1 extensor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)
  • 1 accessory extensor to digit 5 (digiti minimi)
  • Brachioradialis and anconeus

Deep muscles:

  • 2 Extensors of thumb (pollicis)
  • 1 Abductor of thumb (pollicis)
  • 1 Accessory extensor to digit 2 (indicis)
  • 1 supinator
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14
Q

Muscles that form the superficial layer of the extensor compartment

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor digiti minimi (accessory to extensor digitorum)
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
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15
Q

What is tennis elbow

A
  • Epicondylitis at common extensor origin (tendon inflammation due to overuse/forceful extension)
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16
Q

Other superficial muscles involved in the control of the forearm

A

Brachioradialis - flexor when half pronated

Anconeus - stabilises elbow

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17
Q

Muscles that form the deep layer of the extensor compartment

A
  • Supinator
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor indicis (accessory to extensor digitorum)
18
Q

Muscles of the deep layer of the extensor compartment that go through the anatomical snuff box

A
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Extensor pollicis longus
19
Q

What is wrist abduction performed by

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis

- Extensor carpi radialis (longus + brevis)

20
Q

What is wrist adduction performed by

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

- Extensor carpi ulnaris

21
Q

Muscles involved in supination

A
  • Biceps brachii

- Supinator

22
Q

Muscles involved in pronation

A
  • Pronator teres

- Pronator quadratus

23
Q

Joints involved in pronation and supination

A
  • Proximal radioulnar joint
  • Distal radioulnar joint

(During pronation, the radius rotates over the ulna)

24
Q

What is the carpal tunnel a tunnel for

A
  • Tunnel for flexor tendons to digits and median nerve
25
Q

Function of flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

A
  • Prevents bowing of tendons
26
Q

Contents of the carpal tunnel

A
  • Median nerve
  • Flexor policis longus
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
27
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • Median nerve compression

- Due to increased pressure in carpal tunnel (associated with trauma, obesity, pregnancy)

28
Q

Purpose of extensor retinaculum

A
  • Prevents bowing of tendons

- Separates tendons into compartments

29
Q

Long tendon insertions

A

Tendons to digits 2-5

Extensor digitorum - into middle + distal phalanx

Flexor digitorum profundus - into distal phalanx

Flexor digitorum superficialis - into middle phalanx

30
Q

Arterial supply to the forearm

A

Cubital fossa - brachial artery divides into:

Radial artery - under brachioradialis

Ulnar artery - under flexor carpi ulnaris, gives off common interosseous

  • Anastomosis around elbow joint
31
Q

What does the ulnar artery give rise to

A
  • Common interosseous artery –> Posterior interosseous artery + anterior interosseous artery
32
Q

Location of the median nerve

A
  • Lies mid forearm between FDS and FDP
33
Q

What does the median nerve give rise to

A
  • Anterior interosseous nerve (to deep flexor muscles)
  • Passes through carpal tunnel
  • Motor supply to anterior compartment except FCU/medial part of FDP
  • Sensory supply to lateral palm + d1, d2, d3, 1/2 d4
34
Q

Innervation provided by the ulnar nerve

A
  • Motor supply to FCU and medial part FDP

- Sensory supply to medial hand including 1/2 d4 + d5

35
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is a condition that involves pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve (also known as the “funny bone” nerve), which can cause numbness or tingling in the ring and small fingers, pain in the forearm, and/or weakness in the hand.

36
Q

Path of radial nerve

A
  • Enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis
    Divides into two branches:

Superficial branch (sensory) + deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor)

37
Q

Path of the superficial branch of the radial nerve

A
  • Under brachioradialis

- Winds round to dorsum of hand

38
Q

Path of the deep branch of the radial nerve

A
  • Passes through supinator muscle

- Enters extensor compartment

39
Q

What is wrist drop

A

Condition in which the wrist and the fingers cannot extend at the metacarpophalangeal joints. The wrist remains partially flexed due to an opposing action of flexor muscles of the forearm. As a result, the extensor muscles in the posterior compartment remain paralyzed.

40
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial nerve provide innervation to

A
  • Deep branch supplies posterior compartment
41
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve provide innervation to

A
  • Superficial branch supplies lat dorsum hand

Year 2 - T3 Theme 2 (17 decks)

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