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Year 2 - T3 Theme 2 > DR1. Back and Shoulder > Flashcards

DR1. Back and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the superficial muscles of the back attach

A
  • The superficial muscles of the back attach the pectoral girdle to the trunk
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2
Q

Upper fibres of trapezius - origin

A
  • From external occipital protuberance of the skull and from the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
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3
Q

Upper fibres of trapezius - insertion

A
  • Insert into the clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula
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4
Q

Middle fibres of the trapezius - origin

A
  • Spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae
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5
Q

Middle fibres of the trapezius - insertion

A
  • Spine of the scapula
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6
Q

Lower fibres of the trapezius - origin

A
  • Spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae
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7
Q

Lower fibres of the trapezius - insertion

A
  • Spine of the scapula
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8
Q

Major and minor rhomboid muscles - origin

A
  • Have an origin from the spinous processes of the C7 and the upper 5 thoracic vertebrae
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9
Q

Major and minor rhomboid muscles - insertion

A
  • Medial border of the scapula
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10
Q

Latissimus dorsi muscle - origin

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia of the back
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11
Q

Latissimus dorsi muscle - insertion

A
  • Floor of the intertubercular sulcus (or bicipital groove) of the humerus
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12
Q

Serratus anterior - origin

A
  • Originates as a series of individual slips from the upper eight ribs
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13
Q

Serratus anterior - insertion

A
  • Along the medial border of the scapula
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14
Q

Immediate superficial back muscles

A
  • Serratus posterior superior and inferior
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15
Q

Serratus posterior superior and inferior - function

A
  • These are accessory respiratory muscles that help expand the chest cavity during inspiration
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16
Q

Where are the deep intrinsic muscles of the back seen

A
  • Seen within the groove between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and angle of the ribs
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17
Q

Largest group of deep back muscles

A

Erector spinae muscles (medial to lateral)

  • Spinalis
  • Longissimus
  • Iliocostalis
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18
Q

Erector spinae muscles - origin

A
  • Erector spinae aponeurosis

- This is a broad thick tendon at the base of the back

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19
Q

Where do the three parts of erector spinae muscles run

A
  • The three parts of erector spinae all run superiorly from the erector spinae aponeurosis
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20
Q

Spinalis - insertion

A
  • Thoracic spinous processes and skull
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21
Q

Longissimus - insertion

A
  • Mainly inserts into the thoracic and cervical transverse processes
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22
Q

Iliocostalis - insertion

A
  • Ribs
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23
Q

Muscle that appears upon reflection of erector spinae muscles

A
  • Multifidus
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24
Q

Multifidus - origin

A
  • Runs superiorly from transverse processes which is its origin
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25
Q

Multifidus - insertion

A
  • Spinous processes
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26
Q

Where is multifidus thickest

A
  • Lumbar region
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27
Q

Purpose of multifidus

A
  • Major stabiliser of the back, as well as extends the vertebral column
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28
Q

What does the pectoral girdle support

A
  • Is the bony skeleton that supports the upper limb
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29
Q

What does the pectoral girdle comprise of

A
  • Clavicle

- Scapula

30
Q

Where do the bones of the pectoral girdle articulate

A
  • At the acromioclavicular joint

- The pectoral girdle articulates with the trunk at the sternoclavicular joint

31
Q

What does the glenohumeral joint comprise

A
  • It comprises a shallow articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
32
Q

Glenohumeral joint - type

A
  • Synovial ball and socket joint, which allows a wide range of movements
33
Q

Which ligament is located above the tendon of the supraspinatus

A
  • Coracoacromial ligament
34
Q

Coracoacromial ligament - relevance

A
  • Overhead activities, such as throwing, can cause impingement of this tendon through this space
35
Q

What is the quadrangular space formed by

A
  • The space is formed by teres minor, teres major, the shaft of the humerus and the long head of triceps brachii
36
Q

Borders of the axilla

A
  • Base of the axilla is formed by the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which creates the axillary fossa (or armpit)
  • The apex, or inlet, is formed anteriorly by the clavicle, medially by the first rib and posteriorly by the superior border of the scapula
37
Q

Anterior wall of the axilla

A
  • Pec major and minor
38
Q

Posterior wall of the axilla

A
  • Teres major, lat dorsi and subscapularis
39
Q

Medial wall of the axilla

A
  • Serratus ant.
40
Q

Lateral border of the axilla

A
  • Laterally, the axilla is bordered by the shaft of the humerus
41
Q

Contents of the axilla

A
  • Axillary artery and its branches
  • Axillary vein and its tributaries
  • Lymph vessels and bodes
  • Brachial plexus
42
Q

Which vessel is the axillary artery a continuation of

A
  • Subclavian artery
43
Q

Which triangle does the subclavian artery pass through and what is the triangle formed by

A
  • Passes through the scalene triangle

- Formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib

44
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary

A
  • When it passes over the first rib
45
Q

When does the axillary become the branchial artery

A
  • Towards the lower border of teres major
46
Q

Which muscle divides the axillary artery

A
  • Axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by pec minor
47
Q

Major branches of the axillary

A
  • Anterior and post. circumflex humeral branches that wing around the surgical neck of the humerus
  • Subscapular artery, which contributes to an anastomosis around the shoulder region
48
Q

What vein is the axillary vein a continuation of

A
  • Basilic vein
49
Q

What does the axillary vein terminate as

A
  • Subclavian vein at the first rib
50
Q

Basilic and cephalic veins location

A

Basilic vein - medial side of the arm

Cephalic vein - Can be seen passing through the deltopectoral groove to join the axillary vein within the axilla

51
Q

Which triangle do the trunks of the brachial plexus pass through

A
  • Scalene triangle along with the subclavian artery
52
Q

Which muscle lies directly above the cords of the brachial plexus

53
Q

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named

A
  • Relative to the axillary

- Lateral, medial and post.

54
Q

Terminal branches of the brachial plexus

A
  • Musculocutaneous
  • Ulnar
  • Median
  • Radial
  • Axillary
55
Q

Supraspinatus - origin

A
  • Supraspinous fossa
56
Q

Supraspinatus - insertion

A
  • Anterior facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus
57
Q

Infraspinatus - origin

A
  • Infraspinous fossa
58
Q

Infraspinatus - insertion

A
  • Middle facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus
59
Q

Teres minor - origin

A
  • Dorsal aspect of the lateral border of the scapula
60
Q

Teres minor - insertion

A
  • Lowest facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus
61
Q

Subscapularis - origin

A
  • Subscapular fossa
62
Q

Subscapularis - insertion

A
  • Inserts to the lesser tubercle of the humerus
63
Q

Teres major - origin

A
  • Inferior angle of the scapula
64
Q

Teres major - insertion

A
  • Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
65
Q

Deltoid - origin

A
  • Lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion and spine of the scapula
66
Q

Deltoid - insertion

A
  • Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
67
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint surrounded by

A
  • A fibrous joint capsule
68
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint attached to

A
  • Attached to the rim of the glenoid fossa and to the anatomical neck of the humerus
69
Q

What is the capsule of the glenohumeral joint strengthened by

A
  • Attachments of the rotator cuff muscles, which surround the joint on all sides, except inferiorly
70
Q

Which ligaments support the glenohumeral joint

A
  • Joint is stabilised by the coracoacromial ligament, which forms an arch superiorly over the joint, as well as the glenohumeral ligaments, which help stabilise the joint anteriorly
71
Q

What is the glenoid labrum

A
  • A ring of fibrocartilage that deepens the glenoid fossa

Year 2 - T3 Theme 2 (17 decks)

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