L6 - Two Process Model

Question 1

How does the two process model work?

Answer 1

Phobia is learnt through CC or SLT

Maintained through OC

Question 2

How does the behavioural model explain phobias?

Answer 2

All behaviours are learnt through CC/SLT/OC

Including negative and maladaptive ones

Question 3

Describe Little Albert experiment

Answer 3

Unconditioned stimulus (loud bang) unconditioned response (fear)
Neutral stimulus (white rat) no reaction
Association
Conditioned stimulus (white rat) conditioned response (fear)

Question 4

Watson and Rayner found what after Little Albert was conditioned

Answer 4

Generalised fear to all white furry objects

Question 5

Advantage of CC related to case study?

Answer 5

Woman with hydrophobia has it because had her foot trapped in rocks near waterfall and heard water running so associated water running with fear

Question 6

Disadvantage related to ethics?

Answer 6

Little Albert was young
Psychological harm
May be trauma which caused phobia

Question 7

Disadvantage related to hydrophobia research (not CS)

Answer 7

2% of hydrophobic had negative experience with water

98% didn’t so must be the factors e.g. biological or cognitive

Question 8

How can SLT be applied?

Answer 8

May observe reaction to stimulus by a model - vicarious reinforcement
Negative reaction means avoid/fear stimulus

Question 9

How does OC maintain phobias?

Answer 9

Negative reinforcement: wanting to avoid punishment (fear)

Positive reinforcement: rewarded by avoiding it

Question 10

Advantage of two process model?

Answer 10

Reductionist
Clear steps easy to follow and understand cause
Know how to stop maintenance

Question 11

Disadvantage related to SLT?

Answer 11

Can only be applied to young children and non-human animals

Adults also form phobias - doesn’t explain how

Question 12

Disadvantage related to approaches?

Answer 12

Ignores other approaches e.g. biological
May have genetic vulnerability
May have evolved to fear it (innate)