L6: Science Emerges - the 17th Century Flashcards
Who was Anton von Leeuwenhoek and what was his contribution to medicine?
- Was a Hollander who without scientific training, designed and built single-lens microscopes capable of 250 x zoom.
Who was Thomas Sydenham and what was his contribution to medicine?
- considered English Hippocrates - studied at Oxford Uni - emphasized bedside medicine and personal observation - believed diseases were specific entities, as opposed to symptoms being diseases
Who was William Harvey and what was his contribution to medicine?
- Was an English physician who trained at Uni of Padua, same school where Vesalius was head of anatomy. - Physician to Kings of England - Continued studies of heart, circulation and valves using inductive reasoning. Advocate for scientific medical research methodology. Tested an idea and re-tested it for proof. - Ignored superstition and old theories (from Galen, for example) - Determined cardiac output and make strong progress on understanding blood circulation.
Who was Herman Boerhaave and what was his contribution to medicine?
- dutch physician and founder of modern academic hospitals - popularized bedside teaching like Sydenham - advocated observation of cases by medical students and used certain hospital wards for teaching cases - understood body to be a mechanism with joints, pipes, pumps etc. - first to use post-mortem exams to determine illnesses, thermometer during assessment and described esophageal rupture known as Boerhaave’s syndrome - considered as one of the Greatest Physicians in Europe during his time
Who is credited for developing the scientific method?
- Francis Bacon
Who was considered as one of the Greatest Physicians in Europe during his time?
- Herman Boerhaave
Who was Francis Bacon and what was his contribution to medicine?
- English lawyer, scientist and legislator. - He was minister to queen and king - While in public office, he was convicted on charges of corruption and fined. As a result, he was ineligible for office and dedicated the remainder of his life to study. - Developed inductive reasoning rather than Aristotle’s deductive reasoning. - Result of his work is scientific method.
Who was Robert Boyle and what was his contribution to medicine?
- Was a natural philospher who refined many ideas of Paracelsus, Bacon and Descartes, establishing a paradigm for empiric research. - He argued against traditional elements of various systems (including empedoclean). - He showed that air was necessary for combustion, life and sound. Was interested in blood and its function.
Who said that science and mathematics explain everything?
- Rene Descartes
Who challenged Galenic ideas of the heart and circulation during the 17th century and made significant improvements/changes to these ideas?
- William Harvey
Who was responsible for changing clinical practice during the 17th century?
- Thomas Sydenham emphasized bedside medicine and personal observation - Herman Boerhaave popularized bedside teaching and was founder of academic teaching hospitals, using medical cases to teach students. Also used thermometer during pt assessment.
Cogito ergo sum. Who wrote this statement? What does it mean?
- Rene Descartes. I think, therefore I exist.
Who is considered the English Hippocrates?
- Thomas Sydenham
How did the Renaissance lead to a new kind of scientific inquiry?
- A fresh start towards scientific inquiry was possibly driven by political, social issues occurring just prior to it, ie. the reformation, English revolution etc. - Natural philosophers (aka scientists) began to develop a way to think about the world as mechanical and quantifiable, as particles in motion (mathematically described) and less teleologic (things are not created for a purpose). - The Royal Society of London became driving force of new science, promoting criticism of Galenic and Aristotelian science, advocating inductive reasoning. - Academic Royale du Sciences
Who made strong progress in the 16th/17th centuries on understanding blood circulation?
- William Harvey
