L6 - Group Persuasion Flashcards
Why do people conform?
- Tied to people and categories e.g gender and group membership
- System 1 = 1 looking at others to see what we are supposed to do
- Informational influence: Desire to be right changes our minds
- Normative influence: Desire to be liked changes public behaviour not private opinions = protective
When is conformity higher?
- Informational influence more likely to occur when tasks are ambiguous
- Normative: When people depend on the group for rewards or will interact with them in the future
- Normative: Deviants in a group expect and receive more negative evaluations from others.
When does conformity first happen and how does this evolve?
- Occurs first for public behaviour, but this behaviour may cause people to change their private beliefs
- " we are what we pretend to be"
When do people conform? (Conditions)
- Commitment to the group: greater commitment leads to greater pressure for conformity
- Group unanimity: one dissenter can reduce the amount of conformity, you don’t like people in your group who support other ideas
- Group size: Other people hold the same view = upto 7 people
- Desire for individualisation: spite/creative dissent
What did Moscovici do?
- Six people groups rated colour of slides either blue/green
- 2 people were confederates, and said green consistently
- 1/3 reported seeing at least one green slide
What affects minority influence?
- Consistent: not rigid, you have put thought into it
- Effective refutation: speaking directly to an opposing argument
- How similar minority is to majority: people sound/look like you
Why is minority effective?
- Dual process theory: minorities elicit conversion/innovation and majorities elicit conformity.
- Someone ingroup supporting outgroup theory causes Arousal = anxiety = system 2
What is a study looking at media?
- It is more than face to face interactions with people
How effective is media in persuasion?
- Scope of message dissemination
- Others are watching e.g someone goes missing = uniquely important about this person because so many people are watching it.
- When aware that others are watching the same event = starts shared attention effect where deeper processing occurs
How is the media effective?
- People that want to convince you are people who make money doing it e.g ads
- Comparison of attitudes held to those who consume different ads and media
- Retrospective self-report is fallible & self-presentation biases
- Self-selection because we do not watch passively
- Seek out what we already believe
What was a study showing how effective media is?
- Politically motivated people are more likely to consume congruent political media than less motivated
- People look at opposing arguments to bolster their own view
How is social media affecting persuasion?
- More than entertainment and social networking
- Becomes primary source for disseminating others opinions
- Facebook does not police political content, and instead algorithms focus on super users (3% of users)
What is naïve realism in persuasion?
- Associations between consumed content, attitudes and behaviour
- When exposed to both sides, the other side is biased
How does media shape reality?
- Impacted by something being a major issues e.g media gets you talking about things
- Decides what is important
- More males than females, Speaking roles of minorities etc.
- TV overrepresents crime and heavy viewers endorse more prejudice views
- Cause effect issue
How does media cause resistance?
- Bolsters and shapes worldview
- System 1: Motivation, Attention, Cognition, Emotion
