L4 - The Psychological System

Question 1

What does the media try to persuade you about?

Answer 1

- Self-improvement
- Social cohesion: Governments promote healthy behaviours/attitudes
- Economic outcomes: Companies selling things

Question 2

What are the three types of expectations in mental models for knowledge and values as children?

Answer 2

- Epistemic: object permanence
- Attachment: expectation of how reality supports you
- Aesthetic: preferences form e.g crackers are nicer than broccoli

Question 3

What new expectations come in as you grow through childhood?

Answer 3

- Just world: people get what they deserve
- Moral: right and wrong
- Self: I am good & competent
- Cortex gets bigger = smarter = learn more abstract things

Question 4

How does this change as we become adults?

Answer 4

- Meaning framework is bigger
- Ideological expectation: diff attitudes and world views
- Aesthetics: strong preference
- Moral: grey area develops
- Self: Generally I am good
- Epistemic: People have diff values

Question 5

What is consistency motivation?

Answer 5

- Does experience match expectations

Question 6

What is the dual process theory?

Answer 6

- System 1: Fast and focused, looking for things that match your expectations, avoids negative affect and wasted energy
- System 2: Slow and broad, learning

Question 7

What are some aspects of system 1? (BAT PUT UP)

Answer 7

- Behavioural approach system activated
- Pursuing reward and saliency
- Top-Down
- Applying expectations of reality to reality
- Understanding & Fluency: know what you are doing
- Thinking fast - peripheral
- Using schema & stereotypes
- Positive mood

Question 8

What happens if system 1 is rejected?

Answer 8

- Mismatch negativity: dissonance
- Feels bad
- Identity disruption
- Ambivalence
- Causes arousal

Question 9

What is assimilation bias?

Answer 9

- Perceive reality as if it confirms worldview
- e.g makes bad feeling go away e.g what does he know?

Question 10

What happens if the discrepancy is large and assimilation bias does not work?

Answer 10

- Switch to system 2

Question 11

Aspects of system 2:

Answer 11

- Behavioural inhibition
- Avoid punishment & critically analyse
- Bottom-Up
- Forming expectation for reality
- High arousal = learning
- Reason & deliberate - slow thinking
- Feels neutral/bad/tense

Question 12

Summary of systems in persuasion:

Answer 12

- System 1: reinforce: you are good person, prove it by donating to charity
- System 2: challenge: do you donate? You are bad, prove me wrong = negative affect