L5 respitaory Flashcards
what is Symptoms of the respiratory disorder ?
Main (specific)symptoms:
1.Cough
2.Sputum
3.Breathlessness
4.Chest pain
5.Haemoptysis
6.Wheeze
Nonspecific- Fever, Chills, Sweating, Weakness,
decreasing in working ability.
explain the Cough ( type of disease and types of cough and classification of cough time )
– type of Cough disease:
1- Acute - pneumonia, acute bronchitis, laryngitis, ARI, influenza
2- Chronic - chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, asthma,
tumors of the bronchopulmonary system
–types of cough :
——1- Dry :
1-1 Viral infections
1-2 Interstitial lung disease
1-3 Tumors
1-4 Allergic diseases
1-5 increase bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
——-2- Productive (with sputum ) :
2-1 Chronical bronchitis
2-2 Bacterial pneumonia
2-3 COPD
2-4 bronchiectasis
2-5 lung abscess
—classification according to time :
Morning =
1 chronic bronchitis,
2 bronchiectasis,
3 lung abscess
* Night :
1 tuberculosis,
2 lymphogranulomatosis
3 malignant newgrowths
explain the Sputum and its Condition
1.Mucoid, excessive quantities =Chronic bronchitis
2.Mucopurulent or purulent (yellow or green) = Infection — acute or chronic bronchitis
3 Excessive in early mornings, or at change of posture, purulent = Bronchiectasia
4.Black = Cigarette or atmospheric smoke, coalminer’s sputum
5.Pink, frothy = Acute pulmonary oedema
6.Rusty = Lobar pneumonia
7.Blood-stained = Acute bronchitis, tuberculosis, neoplasia
8.Viscous with plugs = Asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia
explain the Breathlessness and types
– Breathlessness : its hardness taking breath or release the breath
-types :
1-inspiratory :Obstacles to air entering the trachea and the large bronchi (swelling of the vocal cords, tumors, foreign body in the lumen of the bronchi)
* The pathological processes accompanied by compression of the lung and lung excursion restriction
* Pathological processes in the lungs, accompanied by a decrease in lung compliance
2-expairatory : * Most often it indicates the presence of airflow obstruction at the level of small bronchi (COPD, asthma, bronchiolitis)
* Decreasing lung tissue elasticity (emphysema)
3-Combined :
explain the mechanism of Wheezing
—A WHEEZE is a high-pitched musical adventitious lung
sound produced by airflow through an abnormally narrowed small lower airway(s).
-Ex :(COPD, bronchial asthma)
explain the Stridor cough
– A stridor : is a high pitched musical breath sound caused by turbulent air flow in the upper airway -often u can hear it without stethoscope
- causes : they are 3
1-Airway swelling from a croup
2-Epiglotitis
3-lodged foreign bodies
what is the main CAUSES OF CHEST PAIN ?
1-Aortic dissection
2-Pericarditis
3-Gastro-esophageal pain
4-Cholecystitis
5-Ischemia of myocardium
6-Pleuritic pain
7-Intercostals neuralgia
explain the Pleural pain:
- mainly unilateral
- shooting,
- increasing in deep inspiration or coughing,
- without radiation.
what is the causes of Haemoptysis
1 pneumonia,
2 pulmonary infarction,
3 Bronchiectasis,
4 pulmonary tuberculosis
5 carcinoma.
6 heart diseases : pulmonary oedema, mitral stenosis
explain the Static examination of the chest
1- thorax shape
2- symmetry of the chest
— distortion in terms of restriction or enlargement of one side:
increase of one side -exudative pleurisy (hydrothorax), pneumothorax,
— decrease of one side -pulmonary fibrosis, obstructive atelectasis
what is Thorax shape characteristics
—There exist three normal types of thorax:
1-asthenic chest,
2-normosthenic (athletic) ,
3-hypersthenic chest
what is Pathological types of the chest
-1-. Emphysematous or barrel
-2- Paralytic
-3-. Rachitic (keeled) thorax :
-4- . Funnel chest and chest cobbler
what is the couses of Kyphosis, kyphoscoliosis
Causes: traumas, rachitic, tuberculosis
explain the Dynamic inspection ?
1- Intercostal recession
2- Use of accessory respiratory muscles
3- Extent of thorax share in the breathing process,
4- Lagging of one side
5- Breathing rate
6- Types of breathing: thoracic (mostly in men), abdominal (more common in women) and mixed.
Palpation of chest
- chest expansion,
- chest elasticity or resistance
- pain, tenderness areas
- vocal or tactile fremitus (fremitus pectoralis)
