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Immunology > L5 > Flashcards

L5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 things that can happen after an Ab binds an antigen?

A
  1. Neutralization
  2. Opsonization
  3. Mast/eosinophil activation
  4. Classical complement
  5. Mucosal and placental transport
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2
Q

What Abs target an antigen for neutralization?

A

IgA
IgM
IgG

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3
Q

What Abs target an antigen for opsonization?

A

IgG1

IgG3

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4
Q

What Abs target an antigen for mast cell/eosinophil activation?

A

IgE

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5
Q

What Abs target an antigen for complement activation?

A

IgM
IgG1
IgG3

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6
Q

What Abs target an antigen for mucosal transport?

A

IgA
IgG1
IgG2
IgG4

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7
Q

What are the structural differences between Ab isotypes?

A

Varying Fc lengths

Different carbohydrate patterning

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8
Q

When you talk about Abs neutralizing antigens, explain some ways that could occur.

A

Ab (IgA/M/G) blocks:

  • Microbe getting through epithelium
  • Microbe binding other cells and infecting them
  • Binding to cellular receptors
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9
Q

What molecules can opsonize Ab-antigen complexes if stimulated by IgG1/G3? What receptors do these Abs need for each binding option?

A

Fc gamma receptors

  1. Bind Fc GAMMA R2A = NK cell kills the antigen attached
  2. Fc GAMMA R1 = macrophage phagocytosis
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10
Q

What kind of antigens are targeted by IgE for mast cell or eosinophil degradation?

A

Parasitic infections

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11
Q

What happens if you get IgE mediated hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Allergies

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12
Q

What receptor binds IgE?

A

Fc epsilon

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13
Q

Fc receptors is the general name for receptors that bind Abs - because they bind the effector region of the Ab, the Fc region. What molecules carry out the functions of these receptors?

A

ITAM = activating
- The tyrosine residues within these motifs become phosphorylated following interaction of the receptor molecules with their ligands and form docking sites for other proteins involved in the signaling pathways of the cell.
ITIM = inhibitory
- ITIM motif becomes phosphorylated by enzymes of the Src kinases, –> recruit phosphatases decrease the activation of molecules involved in cell signaling

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14
Q

What is the one inhibitory Fc gamma receptor? (Has ITIM associated with it)

A

Fc gamma R2B

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15
Q

What 2 molecules help IgA move an antigen across mucosal epithelium? Which cells make each?

A

J chain - made by B cells

Poly-Ig receptor - made by epithelium

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16
Q

What is the neonatal Fc receptor?

A

FcRn

Binds IgG transports across placenta

17
Q

How does the polio vaccine work?

A

Mucosal IgA neutralizes virus

18
Q

How does the tetanus vaccine work?

A

IgG neutralization

19
Q

How does the Hep A or B vaccine work?

A

IgG neutralization

20
Q

How does the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine work?

A

IgM & IgG - opsonization & phagocytosis

Direct or via complement

21
Q

What are gamma delta TCRs?

A

Recognize weird molecules

MHC 1-like molecules w/o anything bound

22
Q

What are iNK TCRs?

A

LIPID piece of antigen

Presented by CD1d

23
Q

What part of the receptor is expressed in preT/B cell receptors?

  • High or low surface expression?
  • Always on the cell surface?
  • Binds ligand?
A

IgH / TCRbeta chain expressed 1st
VpreB / preTalpha surrogates there as place holders
- LOW surface expression
- Continuously recycled on/off the membrane - spontaneous incorporation into lipid rafts
- NO known ligand

24
Q

Describe what happens when B cells bind antigen for the first time in the periphery.

A

Phagocytosis - acts as an APC
Presents molecules on MHC 2 - because was a free floating, extracellular molecule
Connects with helper T cell
- CD40-CD40ligand
- MHC2-TCR/CD4
Helper T cell differentiates depending on what the antigen presented was
Th makes cytokines that makes B cell –> plasma cell –> MORE Abs

25
Q

If the innate cells binds PAMPs, what do adaptive cells bind?

A

Epitopes!

26
Q

Do BCRs or TCRs recognize free antigens?

A

BCRs

TCRs - processed antigen via APC

27
Q

What molecule is key for vaccine development?

A

Hapten = small molecule + carrier protein

28
Q

What are the 3 common types of epitopes recognized by adaptive immune cells?

A

Conformational (shape)
Linear (structure & sequence)
Neoantigenic

Immunology (25 decks)

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