Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > L 21 > Flashcards

L 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 classes of hypersensitivity reactions?

A

1: IgE, allergies
2: tissue specific (IgM/G)
3: soluble Ab-antigen complexes (IgM/G)
4: T cell only reactions, delayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the costim between helper T and macrophages for macrophage activation?

A

T : Macro

CD40 L : CD40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cytokine do Th secrete for macrophage activation? What are the hallmarks of macrophage coactivation?

A

IFN gamma

  1. ↑coexpression
  2. ↑MHC
  3. ↑cytokines = IL 1, 12, TNF
  4. ↑phagosome killing via ROI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 main forms issue injury due to T cells in type 4 HST?

A
  1. CD8 directly killing tissue
  2. INLFAM –> tissue injury
    - overactivation Th activation of neutrophils & macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which cells are important for limiting delayed-type HST?

A

Th2 & Th17

Inhibit Th1 cells –> no inflam via macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain DTH in words.

A

Someone who has previously been sensitized to an antigen - infection or vaccination
Represent the same antigen
Reaction fully develops slowly - mononuclear infiltration
Th1 activated @ site - secreting IFN gamma & TNF
Leads to macrophage activation - secreting TNF & IL1
But antigen is persistent = continued macrophage activation = chronic DTH response
Leads to damage to surrounding tissue –> fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is T cell recruitment to an antigen site antigen dependent or indep? What about retention at the site?

A

T cells from blood –> site = T cell INDEP

T cells staying @ site = T cell DEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a common symptomatic presentation associated with DTH?

A

Granulomas = activated macrophages w/ Th rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some diseases caused by DTH reactions to bacteria (Th17)?

A

TB

IBD including Crohns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some autoimmune disease mediated by DTH responses to self antigens (Th1)?

A

RA
MS
Diabetes type 1
Wegner’s Granulomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What diseases heavily rely on a CD8 response with or without a CD4 DTH?

A

Graft rejection
Viral hepatitis
Contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how a PPD is an example of DTH.

A

For TB
The PPD doesn’t have any PAMPs or adjuvant (this would be the vaccine) –> no stimulation of innate
If you’ve had TB before (or the vaccine), your memory T cell response will kick in to create swelling around the injection site
Delayed because takes 48 hrs to see this
See mononuclear cell infiltration on histo @ site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When blood vessels are exposed to TNF, what is the order of leukocyte entry? (Which cells, not the steps)

A

1st Neutrophils
Monocytes
Last T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cells are unique to granulomas?

A

Giant cells

Fibroblasts on periphery keritanizing cells that are normal - persistent tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of antigens stimulate granuloma formation?

A

Anything that continues to stimulate T/macrophages

Microbe that does or does not secrete toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which Th defend against extracell bacteria and fungi? Name the related cytokines.

A

Th17
IL 17 - neutrophil chemotaxis
IL 22 - ↑antimicrobial peptides & barrier fxn

17
Q

Which 2 Th cell types are mostly likely to implicated for autoimmune disease?

A

Th1 & 17

18
Q

What is a feature of granulomas unique to TB?

A

Caseous necrosis think tuberculosis!

19
Q

What are the 2 different type of leprosy? Th1 vs Th2?

A 
Lepromatous leprosy (LL) = Th2 response, spread out
Tuberculoid leprosy (TT) = Th1, better control of the immune response keeps skin lesions localized
20
Q

Why should you test patients for latent TB before treating their RA?

A

RA medication is often TNF alpha inhibitor
If latent TB, likely being held in check by Th1 which works via TNF
Block TNF - will resolve RA, but allow TB to become active

21
Q

What determines your likelihood to get one type of TB over another?

A

State of Th1 immunity

Defective Th1 - lean towards Th2 - disseminated rash

22
Q

What are self molecules work as antigens in RA?

A

Type 2 collagen

Heat shock proteins

23
Q

What are self molecules that work as antigens in type 1 diabetes?

A

Insulin

24
Q

What are self molecules that work as antigens in MS?

A

Myelin of neurons

25
Q

What are 5 pieces of evidence that indicate T cells are involved in an auto-immune disease?

A
  1. T cell in the lesions
  2. Antigen specific T cells in blood/organ
  3. T cell stimulation in adjacent tissues
  4. Adoptive transfer - T cells from patient give disease to a non-infected person
  5. Blocking the disease if you interfere with T cell activation
26
Q

Explain contact dermatitis reactions.

A

Chemical in poison ivy/nickel - binds self antigens
Makes modified self antigens
Create DTH rxn

27
Q

What is an example of a super-antigen mediated disease? Explain the mechanism.

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome
Cross link MHC & TCR
Can stimulate large # Tcells regardless of TCR specificity

Immunology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions