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Immunology > L15/16 > Flashcards

L15/16 Flashcards

1
Q

Which cytokine communicates between the innate and adpative immune responses?

A

IL 12

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2
Q

What cytokine do Th1 cells release to classically activate macrophages and make them more microbicidal?

A

IFN gamma

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3
Q

Which cytokine do viruses induce the production of when the infect host cells? The goal here is to make neighboring cells anti-viral.

A

IFN

Paracrine mechanism

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4
Q

What cytokines are released when macrophages interact with LPS? What is the systemic effect of these?

A

TNF
IL 1
IL 6
Induce fever!

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5
Q

What are the main 4 cytokines of innate immunity?

A 
TNF alpha
IFN gamma
IL 1
IL 12
B/c from macrophages & NK
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6
Q

What are the main 4 cytokines of adaptive immunity?

A

IL 2
4
5
IFN gamma

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7
Q

What is a cytokine storm?

A

Cytokine overproduction –> sepsis

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8
Q

Explain the anti and pro-inflam roles of IL6.

A

Produced from macrophages –> inflam and fever

Goes to kidney –> acute phase reactants 9MBL & C reactive protein)–> decrease inflam

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9
Q

Which cytokines are VERY pro-inflam?

A

TNF alpha

IL 1

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10
Q

Which cytokines are very anti-inflam?

A

IL 4
10
11
13

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11
Q

What are the 3 cytokines most important for hematopoiesis?

A

C-CSF & CM-CSF, neutrophils

M-CSF, macrophages

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12
Q

What is the general model of cytokines signaling through their receptors to create effects?

A 
Cytokine + receptor (w/ gamma chain)
Jak phosphorylates ITAMs
Recruit STAT
STAT get phosphorylated & dimerize
Complex acts as a TF
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13
Q

What is the IL 7 pathway for signaling at its receptor? What disease may arise from errors in this pathway?

A 
IL 7 + IL7R
JAK 3 @ ITAM
STAT 5 dimerize
TF for inflam
SCID:
- X linked = missing gamma subunit of receptor
- Autosomal = Jak 3 mutation
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14
Q

What is the general structure of most cytokine receptors?

A

1 pass TM receptors

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15
Q

What is the general structure of most CHEMOKINE receptors?

A

7 TM GCPR

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16
Q

Describe the IL 1 receptor.

A

Ig superfamily receptors
TIR internal domain - recruits MyD88
Similar to TLR signaling via MyD88

17
Q

Which cytokine is the primary mediator of the inflammatory response to gram negative infection?

A

TNF

18
Q

Explain the signaling pathway of gram negative bacteria to get TNF release. (Hint: LPS)

A

LPS + TLR4
TRAM & TRIF pathway
IFN

19
Q

Which cytokine mediates RA?

A

Increased TNF & IL1
From macrophages & fibroblasts in synovial fluid
↑COX 2 –> PGE2
↑NO, adhesion molecules, IL-6

20
Q

What is a role unique to IL1 in RA?

A

↑osteoclast activity

21
Q

What is a role unique to TNF in RA?

A

↑apoptosis

22
Q

How do you treat RA?

A

TNF antagonists:
- Methotrexate
Abs against TNF = Adalimumab or Etanercept

23
Q

What happens if you get rid of too much TNF?

A

Can’t fight infection normally
Happens with immune suppression
Latent disease (TB) can recur

24
Q

What is an anti-IL 1 Ab used for? Explain the mechanism.

A

= IL-1ra = recomb protein
Goal = anti-inflam
We make our own version of this but half life is really short!
Prevents IL 1 binding b/c won’t let receptor dimerize with accessory protein –> no signal
Competitively inhibits the receptor

25
Q

Explain the inflammasome activation in gout.

A

Inflammasome makes IL-1beta active
Now uric acid crystal joint to further dirve the production of IL-1beta
Use IL-1ra to treat and trap IL-1

26
Q

Which cytokine can cause significant tissue damage if not controlled?

A 
IL 12
B/c will stimulate:
Th1
Macrophages
NK
CD8
Net = kill target cells, tissue will be bystander
27
Q

What cytokines act on naive T cells to cause them to differentiate into Th17 cells?

A

IL 6

TGF beta

28
Q

Which disease would you give IFN gamma for?

A

CGD

29
Q

What cell type do chemo/radiation kill off first? What can you give to help this?

A

Neutrophils
Leaves your innate immune system weak - susceptible to infection
Give G-CSF –> increase PMNs from the bone marrow

30
Q

If you give IFN beta therapy to MS patients, which cytokine’s production will be suppressed?

A

IL 12
Changes to IL 10 production –> leads to creation of those pro-inflam cytokines
How IFN beta could decrease inflam that causes neurologic damage in MS

Immunology (25 decks)

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