L4 - adrenal cortex, glucocorticoids

Question 1

what are adrenal cortx hormones

Answer 1

corticosteroids, androgens

Question 2

what are adrenal cortx hormones

Answer 2

corticosteroids, androgens

Question 3

types of corticosteroids

Answer 3

glucocorticoids, mineralcorticiouds

Question 4

what are adrenal cortex hormones dervived from

Answer 4

cholostral, synthesised from acetyl CoA or taken from circulation

Question 5

what enzymes used to synthesise corticosteroids

Answer 5

P450 cytochrome enzymes

Question 6

three zona of adrenak cortex

Answer 6

glomerulusa, fasciculata and reticularis

- each zona produce diff hormones

Question 7

what bond is important in the cholestral structure and why

Answer 7

C20-22, cos this bond will be metabolised into other metabolites and hormones

Question 8

how to start any adrenal steriodogenesis from cholestral

Answer 8

cholestral taken up by mitochondria through StaR step

Question 9

where is Star located in the mitochondria

Answer 9

its membrane

Question 10

what happens to cholestral once it is in matrix

Answer 10

becomes pregnenolone

Question 11

struture of star protein

Answer 11

has cholestral transfer protein

Question 12

what molecules promotes and suppress star protein ( regulation of star )

Answer 12

ACTH, LH for promotion

Alcohol for supression

Question 13

what enzymes catalsyses the conversion from cholestral to pregn

Answer 13

P450scc

Question 14

reactions involving P450scc

Answer 14

scc in the name means side cleavge

• first - 2 hydrolxylase reactions
• second - cleavage of the bond

Question 15

what does P450scc need for function

Answer 15

electrons from a donor molecule

Question 16

what are the two proteins that work with P450scc in a complex

Answer 16

adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin

Question 17

what molecule induces the gene expression in this P450scc complex

Answer 17

ACTH

Question 18

how many C in glucocorticoids (glucort)

Answer 18

21

Question 19

eg of glucort

Answer 19

cortisol and corticosterone (inactive form of cortisol)

Question 20

cortisol function

Answer 20

hormone for stress

Question 21

how is cortisol transported in the blood and why

Answer 21

cortisol is lilophilic so its hard for it to travel in blood effeciently
- 90% bound to plasma protein like transcortin and albumin

Question 22

pathway of producing cortisol and what axis is this

Answer 22

hypoth release releasing factor (CRH)> anteroir pituitary release ACTH> adrenal coretx > cortisol made
- HPA axis

Question 23

how to generate ACTH

Answer 23

cleaved from prohormone of POMC

Question 24

mechanism of action of glucort

Answer 24

as glucort receptors

Question 25

actions of glucort , -metabolism using carbohydrates

Answer 25

- glucose level increases through gluneogenesis | - stops glucose entry in tissues

Question 26

actions of glucort , metabolsim of proteins

Answer 26

in muslces, protein broken down so muslce wastage

Question 27

action of glucorts in liver

Answer 27

increases AA uptake for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis

Question 28

action of glucort, metabolsim of fat

Answer 28

FA mobilised for gluneogensis in adipose tissues | -redistribution of fat around face, abdominal area

Question 29

action of glucort in electro lyte balance

Answer 29

when there is large amount of glucort- there are mineralcort activity

Question 30

action of glucort in bones

Answer 30

decreases absorption of calcium and increaces excretion

Question 31

action of glucort in cns

Answer 31

mood | cognition

Question 32

action of glucort in IS

Answer 32

decreases levels of lymphocytes (weak IS) and increases neutrophils, RBC and platelets

Question 33

therapeutic action of glucort

Answer 33

reduces inflamm bu reducing leukocyte action | - reduced allergies by decreasing histamine synthesis

Question 34

what happens if there's excess glucort

Answer 34

leads to cushings syndrome - makes a tumour in pituitary - adernal adenoma - ACTH prodcuted too much since it doesn't respond to neg feedback

Question 35

treatment for cushings syndrome

Answer 35

surgery, radiotherapy, drugs (11 hydroxylase inhibitor - doesn't make cortisol)

Question 36

primary and secondary disorder associated with decreased adrenal function

Answer 36

primary - autoimmune like addisons disease | -seco-pituitary disease so decreases ACTH

Question 37

symptoms of addisions disease

Answer 37

fatigue, weight loss, ion imbalance

Question 38

treatment in addison disease

Answer 38

cortisol replacement therapy