L1B - hormones structure and synthesis

Question 1

what is a hormone

Answer 1

-signalling
molecule
- made from steroid

Question 2

eg of hormone

Answer 2

• NTs,
• growth factors and cytokines
• FA

Question 3

3 fam of hormones

Answer 3

peptide (PH), steroid (SH) and AA

Question 4

peptide h are what soluble

Answer 4

water

Question 5

which family has the largest no of hormones

Answer 5

peptide

Question 6

where PH stored

Answer 6

in vesicles

Question 7

how PH releases

Answer 7

by exocytosis in repsonse to a signal

Question 8

why is PH stored in vesicles

Answer 8

protein synthesis takes time

- storage helps for immediate release

Question 9

what is preprohormone

Answer 9

has signal peptide, inactive fragement and hormone section

- precursor to a hormone

Question 10

how are peptide hormones synthesis and releases

Answer 10

1. ribosomes make preprohormone
2. enzymes in ER cut the signal peptide - now inactive
3. prohormone
4. when released, the prohormone in the vesicle will be chopped off into an active peptides

Question 11

why does insulin have C chains between its A and B chains

Answer 11

for good folding, assembly and processing

Question 12

eg of AAHs

Answer 12

thyroid hormones

Question 13

derivative of thyroid hormone

Answer 13

tyrosine

Question 14

what is T4

Answer 14

tyrosine that has 4 iodines

Question 15

what is T4 metabolised into

Answer 15

more active T3

Question 16

are thyroid hormones stored

Answer 16

yes my dear

Question 17

eg of steroid hormones

Answer 17

sex (androgens) , glucocorticoids, vit d

Question 18

are SHs stored

Answer 18

no dumbass cos they are produced on demand

Question 19

what molecule are SHs made from

Answer 19

chlotestral

Question 20

sites of syntheisis of SHs

Answer 20

in adrenal cortex making glucocorticords (sugar)and minercorticoids(salt )

Question 21

what is the rate limiting step for chloestreral

Answer 21

stAR

• steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
• induced by ACTH