L10- blood glucose contro Flashcards
biomolecule where the nergy come from
carbs, lipids and protein
how is energy stored
glyogen and trig
where is glycogen stored in
cytoplasic granules
organs involved in glucose metab
liver, pancreas,muscle and adipose tissue
what biomolecule is the primary energy source
carbs
- brains only source of fuel
symtpoms of hpyerglycaemia
thrist, weight loss, faitgue
dieases due to hyperglycasem
neuro and nephropathies
-heart disease
diabetes
death
symtptoms of hypoglycae
cravings, headaches, dizzines
disease due to hypogly
accidents and injuiries, wieght gain
reduced IQ
kinds of cells in the islets of langerhans in pancreases
Alpha, beta and delta cell
what does alpha cell secete
glucagon
what does beta cell secrete
insulin
what does delta cells secrete
somaotostatin
process of making insulin from preprohormone
preprohorome
>
prohoormone packged in vesicles>
cleaved into insulin
what chains does mature insulin have
A and B chains
- need to have C chain released
what sense glucose in the blood
GLUT2 on the beta cell?
process of high BGC stimulating release of insulin
glucose diffuse in by GLUT2
- glucose phosphorylated into glucokinase so it doesnt diffuse out
- glucokinase used in krebs cycle to make atp
- ATP increases
- close K+ channels and causes Ca+ channels to open for Ca influx
- vesciles of insulin released
insulin efefcts on the muscle
increases expression of LPL to take in TGs
-GLUT4 taking in glucose
what prohoromone is glucagon synthesized from
from proglucagon
what rfeceptor goes glucagon react with
G protein receptor
-act via 2nd messenger
actions of glycagon
increases :
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
ketogenesis and lipolysis
inhibit lipogenesis
what is ketogenesis
formation of ketone boides of FA oxidisation
where does ketogenesis occur
in liver
what is hypoglycaemic action or reagant
something that decreases BGC
eg of hypogy reagant
insulin
what is hyperglycaemic action or reagant
something that increase BGC
EG of hypergly reagant
glycagon
what is glycagon like peptide (GLP-1)
to promote insulin releaase by binding to pancreatic cell
action of GLP-1
slows down movement of food so it can be broken down easily
- easier for insulin to act on
what prohoromone is GLP-1 synthezised from
proglucagon in INTESTINAL cells
what enzyme helps GLP-1 ro have a short life
dipeptidyl peptidase IV
- enzyme breaking the GLP-1 down
function of SLGT2 inhibitors
inhibits glucose reabsorption in the intestine so more glucose is excreted in the urine
