L4

Question 1

What are the four parts of a lever system?

Answer 1

1) lever
2) fulcrum
3) applied force
4) resistive force

Question 2

In muscle physiology, what structure is the lever?

Answer 2

Bones

Question 3

In muscle physiology, what structure is the fulcrum?

Answer 3

Joints

Question 4

In muscle physiology, what structure is the applied force?

Answer 4

Muscle

Question 5

In muscle physiology lever system, what is the resistive force?

Answer 5

Load of weight to overcome

Question 6

Which type of lever system has the fulcrum located between the AF and the RF?

Answer 6

Class I

Question 7

Which type of lever system has the RF between the fulcrum and the AF?

Answer 7

Class II

Question 8

Which type of lever system has the AF between the RF and the fulcrum?

Answer 8

Class III

Question 9

Give an everyday example of a Class I lever system:

Answer 9

Teeter-totter

Question 10

Give an everyday example of a Class II lever system:

Answer 10

wheelbarrow

Question 11

Give two everyday examples of a Class III lever system:

Answer 11

1) fishing pole

2) weight lifting

Question 12

Which lever system type is very uncommon in the body?

Answer 12

Class II

Question 13

Which lever system type is most common in the body?

Answer 13

Class III

Question 14

For each lever system class type, describe whether it is at a mechanical advantage or disadvantage:

Answer 14

Class I: can have a mechanical advantage or disadvantage
Class II: always at a mechanical advantage
Class III: always at a mechanical disadvantage

Question 15

Class II lever systems have greater ______ but Class III lever systems have greater ________/ ______

Answer 15

Power; precision/control

Question 16

Define kinematics:

Answer 16

Study of motion/moving objects or parts

Question 17

Define kinesiology:

Answer 17

Study of human bodily movement/the mechanics of that movement

Question 18

Describe when a Class I lever system is at a mechanical advantage and when its at a disadvantage:

Answer 18

It’s at an advantage when the fulcrum is closer to the RF, and a disadvantage when the fulcrum is closer to the AF

Question 19

Muscles are responsible for ___________, but they ____, never ____

Answer 19

Movement; pull; push

Question 20

What are the two types of attachment types of a muscle?

Answer 20

1) origin

2) insertion

Question 21

Origin attachment points can also be described as _______ and insertion attachment points can also be described as _______.

Answer 21

Proximal; distal

Question 22

Origin attachment points are more _____ points; insertion attachment points are more ________ points.

Answer 22

Fixed; movable

Question 23

What is the agonist muscle?

Answer 23

The prime mover

Question 24

What is the antagonist muscle?

Answer 24

Works in pairs with opposite directions

Question 25

What are two examples of muscles that don’t follow the rule of having one origin point and one insertion point?

Answer 25

1) palatal glossus

2) sternocleidomastoid

Question 26

Describe what the palatal glossus connects and its attachment points:

Answer 26

Connects the palate and tongue; both attachment points are movable/insertion

Question 27

Describe what the sternocleidomastoid connects and its attachment points:

Answer 27

Connects the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process; it has two origin points and one insertion point

Question 28

What is a Single Motor Unit (SMU)?

Answer 28

A single motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers stimulated/innervated

Question 29

In an SMU the end of the neuron enters ______ and branches and ___________ on individual fibers

Answer 29

Muscle; terminates

Question 30

The motor endplate in an SMU is also known as the:

Answer 30

Myonueral junction

Question 31

What is the innervation ratio?

Answer 31

Number of muscle fibers/axon

Question 32

What is the innervation ratio of the eye?

Answer 32

5-10/1

Question 33

What is the innervation ratio of the limbs?

Answer 33

500-2000/1

Question 34

What is the innervation of the hand?

Answer 34

10-50/1

Question 35

What is the innervation ratio of the larynx?

Answer 35

200/1

Question 36

A lower innervation ratio means better ________ or ______.

Answer 36

precision; control

Question 37

A higher innervation ratio is called a ____ system.

Answer 37

Gross