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Speech A+P > L2 > Flashcards

L2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomists and physiologists may study various units of the ____ including ____, ______, _____, and ________.

A

body; cells; tissues; organs; systems

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2
Q

What is the smallest unit of living matter?

A

cell

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3
Q

What is a group of cells with a common function?

A

tissue

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4
Q

What is the branch of anatomy that deals with the microscopic structure of tissue?

A

histology

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5
Q

Basic types of tissues are called:

A

elementary tissues

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6
Q

The body is made soley of these 4 types of tissues:

A
  1. connective tissue
  2. muscle tissue
  3. nerve tissue
  4. epithelial tissue
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7
Q

Which type of tissue is resposible for connecting/binding things together?

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

Which type of tissue is responsible for making muscles?

A

muscle tissue

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9
Q

Which type of tissue is important for impulses/nerve activation?

A

nerve tissue

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10
Q

Which type of tissue makes up surface covering layers?

A

epithelial tissue

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11
Q

What is vascular tissue and which category of basic tissues does it fall under?

A

fluid tissues (like blood and lymph); connective tissue

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12
Q

What are two or more tissues with common function called?

A

organ

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13
Q

What is it called when two or more organs combine in such a manner as to exhibit functional unity?

A

system

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14
Q

How many systems are there in the body?

A

11

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15
Q

Which six systems are most important for speech?

A
  1. skeletal system
  2. articular system
  3. muscular system
  4. nervous system
  5. respiratory system
  6. integumentary system
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16
Q

Which system is composed of bones and their related cartilages?

A

skeletal system

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17
Q

Which system is composed of the joints and ligaments?

A

articular system

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18
Q

Which system forms the fleshy parts of the body and produces movement and locomotion?

A

muscular system

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19
Q

Which system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and all associated nerves, gangalia, nuclei, and sense organs?

A

nervous system

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20
Q

Which system is is compossed of the air passageways and the lungs?

A

respiratory system

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21
Q

Which system includes the skin, nails, and hair?

A

integumentary system

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22
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue?

A

1) soft connective tissue

2) rigid connective tissue

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23
Q

What are the two important components of soft tissue?

A

1) collagen

2) elastin

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24
Q

Collagen is ______ but more _____ than elastin; while elastin is more _______ and less _______.

A

pliable; rigid; elastic; rigid

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25
Q

What are the two types of soft connective tissue?

A

1) loose

2) dense

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26
Q

What are the two types of loose connective tissue?

A

1) areolar

2) adipose

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27
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue is the more delicate fibrous tissue found just beneath the skin?

A

areolar

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28
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue is fat?

A

adipose

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29
Q

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

A

1) regular (organized)
2) irregular (unorganized)
3) lymphatic

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30
Q

Which type of dense connective tissue resists stretch longitudinally?

A

regular (organized)

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31
Q

Which type of dense connective tissue resists stretch in all directions?

A

irregular (unorganized)

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32
Q

Which type of dense connective tissue includes the tonsils and adenoids?

A

lymphatic

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33
Q

What are the three types of regular (organized) dense connective tissue?

A

1) tendons
2) aponeuroses
3) ligaments

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34
Q

What is the role of the tendons?

A

connects muscles to other structures (muscle, bone, cartilage, etc.)

35
Q

What do the aponeuroses do?

A

they are a sheath that groups several muscles together

36
Q

What is the role of ligaments?

A

connects bone to cartilage combinations (bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage)

37
Q

Dermis, periosteum, and fascia are all examples of ________ dense connective tissue.

A

irregular (unorganized)

38
Q

What are the two types of rigid connective tissue?

A

1) cartilage

2) bone

39
Q

Developmentally, most of the skeleton is ______________ in fetus; early stages of __________ happens because of increased _________ deposits.

A

cartilaginous; ossification; calcium

40
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

1) hyaline
2) fibrous
3) elastic

41
Q

Put the three types of cartilage in order from least to most rigid:
A. fibrous
B. hyaline
C. elastic

A

1) elastic
2) fibrous
3) hyaline

42
Q

What color is hyaline cartilage?

A

pearly blue

43
Q

What color is fibrous cartilage?

A

white

44
Q

What color is elastic cartilage?

A

opaque and yellow

45
Q

What are 5 examples of where you can find hyaline cartilage?

A

1) costal
2) nasal septum
3) ribs
4) trachea
5) large larynx structrues (thyroid and criocoid cartilage)

46
Q

What is 1 example of where you can find fibrous cartilage?

A

intervertebral discs of the spinal column

47
Q

What are 3 examples of where you can find elastic cartilage?

A

1) ear
2) epiglottis
3) small larynx structures (aryteniod)

48
Q

What is another name for bone?

A

ossesous tissue

49
Q

What are the two parts of bone?

A

1) dense/compact

2) spongy/cancellous

50
Q

Where is the dense part of the bone?

A

exterior

51
Q

Where is the spongy part of the bone?

A

interior

52
Q

What is the longest bone in the body?

A

femur (thigh bone)

53
Q

What is the smallest bone in the body?

A

stapes

54
Q

What are the spicules of bone forming meshwork of cancellous bone?

A

trabeculae

55
Q

What is the superficial covering of the teeth?

A

enamel

56
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body?

A

enamel

57
Q

What is the tough fibrous membrane covering bones, extending into tendons or ligaments?

A

periosteum

58
Q

What is the tough fibrous membrane that covers cartilages?

A

perichondrium

59
Q

What is the skeleton?

A

it is made of many different sizes and shapes of bone

60
Q

How many bones are in the skeleton?

A

206

61
Q

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

A

1) axial skeleton

2) appendicular skeleton

62
Q

What is the axial skeleton comprised of?

A

trunk and head

63
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton comprised of?

A

limbs and immediately attached structures

64
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

1) fibrous
2) cartilaginous
3) synovial

65
Q

Which type of joint is immovable?

A

fibrous

66
Q

Which type of joint is slightly movable?

A

cartilagenous

67
Q

Which type of joint is freely moving?

A

synovial

68
Q

Which joint is fibrous?

A

skull

69
Q

Which two joints are cartilagenous?

A

1) intervertebral discs

2) pubic bones

70
Q

What does the pubic symphysis do?

A

Connects the two pubic bones

71
Q

What are the six types of synovial joints?

A

1) ball and socket
2) saddle
3) condyloid
4) pivot
5) hinge
6) gliding

72
Q

Which synovial joint has rotation (great motion in all directions, many axes of movement)?

A

ball and socket

73
Q

Which synovial joint has all motion except rotation?

A

saddle

74
Q

Which synovial joint has two types of motion at right angle and no rotation or twisting?

A

condyloid

75
Q

Which synovial joint has rotation at long axis?

A

pivot

76
Q

Which synovial joint has motion in only one plane?

A

hinge

77
Q

Which synovial joint has sliding movement?

A

gliding

78
Q

What are 2 examples of ball and socket joints?

A

1) hip

2) shoulder

79
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

thumb

80
Q

What is an example of a condyloid joint?

A

wrist

81
Q

What is an example of a pivot joint?

A

1st and 2nd vertebrae

82
Q

What are 3 examples of hinge joints?

A

1) elbow
2) top finger
3) knee

83
Q

What is an example of a gliding joint?

A

vertebral articular facets

Speech A+P (12 decks)

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