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Speech A+P > L3 > Flashcards

L3 Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of body weight is muscle?

A

40%

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2
Q

What is a muscle made of?

A

80% water and most of the solid matter is protein

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3
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A

1) smooth
2) skeletal
3) cardiac

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4
Q

Which type of muscle moves involuntarily and is visceral?

A

smooth

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5
Q

Which type of muscle moves voluntarily and is striated?

A

skeletal

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6
Q

Which type of muscle can be found in the heart?

A

cardiac

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7
Q

What are 3 traits of smooth muscles?

A

1) not under voluntary control
2) slow/sustained contraction
3) found in blood vessels and internal organs (viscera)

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8
Q

What are 3 traits of cardiac muscles?

A

1) found only in the heart
2) striated
3) involuntary

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle looks more like _______ muscle than ______ muscle.

A

skeletal; smooth

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle is controled like _______ muscle, but is structured/looks like ______ muscle.

A

smooth; skeletal

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11
Q

What four things does all skeletal muscle have?

A

1) artery
2) vein
3) nerve
4) tendon

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12
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle arteries?

A

provide an oxygenated blood supply

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13
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle veins?

A

provide an escape for used blood

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14
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle nerves?

A

provide impulses needed for activation

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15
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle tendons?

A

attatch the muscle to bone

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16
Q

What are the 2 specialized sense organs in skeletal muscles for signaling tension?

A

1) golgi tendon organs

2) spindles

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17
Q

What are golgi tendon organs sensitive to?

A

muscle tension

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18
Q

What are spindles sensitive to?

A

the rate of length change

19
Q

What is the sheath that surrounds the whole muscle?

A

epimysium

20
Q

What is the basic contractile unit in a muscle?

A

sarcomere

21
Q

What are the two types of mylofilaments?

A

1) myosin (thick)

2) actin (thin)

22
Q

What is another name for myosin?

A

cross bridges

23
Q

When a muscle contacts, the _____ moves inward towards the center of the ________, which stays stationary.

A

actin; myosin

24
Q

When a muscle contracts, the _________ gets smaller

A

sarcomere

25
Q

What causes the force of contraction in muscle?

A

the buds or cross bridges

26
Q

How does a muscle contract?

A

the buds reach out, attatch to actin, and pull in, then repeat

27
Q

A muscle can shorten up to ___% of its resting length when it contracts.

A

80

28
Q

A (longer/shorter) muscle has a greater _____ of ________.

A

longer; range of motion

29
Q

A (thinner/thicker) muscle has greater ______.

A

thicker; power

30
Q

What are the three types of muscle architecture?

A

1) parallel
2) radiating
3) pennate

31
Q

What are muscle fibers called?

A

fasiculi

32
Q

What are two examples of parallel muscles?

A

1) long thigh muscle

2) rectus abdominus (ab muscle)

33
Q

What is an example of radiating muscles?

A

1) temporalis pectoralis major

34
Q

What is an example of pennate muscles?

A

1) mylohyoid muscle (under the chin)

35
Q

What is another name for parallel muscles?

A

fusiform

36
Q

What is another name for radiating muscles?

A

fan-shaped

37
Q

What is another name for pennate muscles?

A

feather

38
Q

Describe parallel muscles:

A

long, cylindrical (arm, legs) or broad (abdomen)

39
Q

Describe radiating muscles:

A

tapered at one end, converge from a broad area of attatchment to a narrow point of attatchment

40
Q

Describe pennate muscles:

A

many short fasiculi that branch from a tendon that runs the length of the muscle

41
Q

What is the range of motion of each of these types of muscles?

a) parallel
b) radiating
c) pennate

A

a) large range of motion (due to longer fasciculi)
b) smaller range of motion
c) small range of motion

42
Q

The force of muscle contraction depends on what?

A

cross section of muscle (# of contracting fibers) and more fibers = more force

43
Q

The range of motion of a muscle depends on what?

A

the length of the muscle

Speech A+P (12 decks)

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