L30

Question 1

what therapy has the highest efficiency in terms of obesity

Answer 1

bariatric surgery

Question 2

what are the down sides of bariatric surgery

Answer 2

in is not good for the CVS in terms of the effect on blood pressure and HR

also not everyone that is overweight can have this surgery because the cost would be too big and every surgery has its risks

Question 3

bariatric surgery has Ambivalent effects on blood pressure

what does this mean

Answer 3

can either increase of decrease????

idk Ambivalent means contradictory ideas about something

Question 4

why are pharmacological treatments often pulled from the market

Answer 4

because of their side effects

Question 5

have can you change your lifestyle to decrease likelihood of becoming obese/lose weight

Answer 5

reduce consumption of energy dense food and exercise

Energy output versus energy intake

Environment (nurture) vs. Genetics (nature)

Question 6

what is the obesity paradox:

Answer 6

obesity (BMI) associated
with increased survival/reduced mortality
among patients with CVD

If you are obese you have a higher chance of getting CVD but once you have CVD then if you are a little overweight you have a slightly higher rate of survival

Question 7

what % of height is genetic

Answer 7

50 - 80%

Question 8

what does height depend on

Answer 8

pediatric care

Question 9

what does Waist circumference provide a measure of

Answer 9

abdominal adiposity

Question 10

why is waist circumference a good way to mesure abdominal adiposity

Answer 10

Easy to measure, inexpensive, strongly correlate with body fat,
predicts risk for CVD.

Question 11

what does Waist to hip ratio provide a measure of

Answer 11

abdominal adiposity

Question 12

describe the pros and cons of Waist to hip ratio

Answer 12

Relative easy to measure, inexpensive, strongly correlate with
body fat, predicts risk for CVD

hip measurement and
interpretation difficult.

Question 13

what is Bioelectrical impedance (BIA)

Answer 13

Small imperceptible safe electric current through your body and measures your resistance to the current, which is different for water
and fat therefore allows you to calculate %fat

this is what we did in the lab

Question 14

what are the pros and cons of Bioelectrical impedance (BIA)

Answer 14

Relative easy to measure and inexpensive, correlate with body fat, predicts risk for CVD

difficult to calibrate, and is hydration-dependent.

Question 15

what is densitometry

Answer 15

underwater weighing

Subjects weight in air and underwater – body
volume/density and %fat; very accurate, cumbersome, expensive

Question 16

what is Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Answer 16

X-rays pass differently to different body tissues – fat-free mass, fat mass, bone density.

this is Accurate and simple but expensive and exposes you to a low level radiation.

Question 17

how can Computerised Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 17

Tissue, organ and whole body fat; lean muscle mass, bone mass.

this is the Most accurate,
very expensive, also radiation.

Question 18

does the location of the fat in the body matter

Answer 18

yes you don’t want visceral fat (fat around the organs)

Question 19

If you have a positive energy balance then you will increase fat in the body

what ae the 2 kinds of fat increase this could cause

Answer 19

If you increase fat around the outside then it is healthy fat (no ectopic fat) this comes with a normal metabolic profile and you would have no symptoms of metabolic disorders

when you get fat around the tissues (visceral obesity) is know as dysfunctional adipose tissue, this leads to ectopic fat which alters the metabolic profile and causes metabolic syndrome

Question 20

how does an echocardiography work

Answer 20

This works by having a transducer around the heart area in different planes

It is an ultrasound which hits an object which is then reflected. The transducer receives the reflected waves and forms an image

Question 21

in echocardiography what axis does rotating the probe towards the right shoulder show

Answer 21

the long axis

Question 22

in echocardiography what axis does rotating the probe towards the left shoulder show

Answer 22

the short axis

Question 23

We will do a 4C and 2 C biplane measurement

what is this

Answer 23

This means that the transducer will be held at the apex of the heart otherwise the thorax is in the way but it means that the image is upside-down

Question 24

what can a echocardiography detect and calculate

Answer 24

For both biplanes the sos where can detect the boundary of the left ventricle. It then makes stages or disks within the ventricle and it can calculate the volume of all of these discks. The summation of all of these disks is the volume of the ventricle

You are able to calculate the diastolic and systolic volume