L30 Flashcards
what therapy has the highest efficiency in terms of obesity
bariatric surgery
what are the down sides of bariatric surgery
in is not good for the CVS in terms of the effect on blood pressure and HR
also not everyone that is overweight can have this surgery because the cost would be too big and every surgery has its risks
bariatric surgery has Ambivalent effects on blood pressure
what does this mean
can either increase of decrease????
idk Ambivalent means contradictory ideas about something
why are pharmacological treatments often pulled from the market
because of their side effects
have can you change your lifestyle to decrease likelihood of becoming obese/lose weight
reduce consumption of energy dense food and exercise
Energy output versus energy intake
Environment (nurture) vs. Genetics (nature)
what is the obesity paradox:
obesity (BMI) associated
with increased survival/reduced mortality
among patients with CVD
If you are obese you have a higher chance of getting CVD but once you have CVD then if you are a little overweight you have a slightly higher rate of survival
what % of height is genetic
50 - 80%
what does height depend on
pediatric care
what does Waist circumference provide a measure of
abdominal adiposity
why is waist circumference a good way to mesure abdominal adiposity
Easy to measure, inexpensive, strongly correlate with body fat,
predicts risk for CVD.
what does Waist to hip ratio provide a measure of
abdominal adiposity
describe the pros and cons of Waist to hip ratio
Relative easy to measure, inexpensive, strongly correlate with
body fat, predicts risk for CVD
hip measurement and
interpretation difficult.
what is Bioelectrical impedance (BIA)
Small imperceptible safe electric current through your body and measures your resistance to the current, which is different for water
and fat therefore allows you to calculate %fat
this is what we did in the lab
what are the pros and cons of Bioelectrical impedance (BIA)
Relative easy to measure and inexpensive, correlate with body fat, predicts risk for CVD
difficult to calibrate, and is hydration-dependent.
what is densitometry
underwater weighing
Subjects weight in air and underwater – body
volume/density and %fat; very accurate, cumbersome, expensive
what is Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
X-rays pass differently to different body tissues – fat-free mass, fat mass, bone density.
this is Accurate and simple but expensive and exposes you to a low level radiation.
how can Computerised Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Tissue, organ and whole body fat; lean muscle mass, bone mass.
this is the Most accurate,
very expensive, also radiation.
does the location of the fat in the body matter
yes you don’t want visceral fat (fat around the organs)
If you have a positive energy balance then you will increase fat in the body
what ae the 2 kinds of fat increase this could cause
If you increase fat around the outside then it is healthy fat (no ectopic fat) this comes with a normal metabolic profile and you would have no symptoms of metabolic disorders
when you get fat around the tissues (visceral obesity) is know as dysfunctional adipose tissue, this leads to ectopic fat which alters the metabolic profile and causes metabolic syndrome
how does an echocardiography work
This works by having a transducer around the heart area in different planes
It is an ultrasound which hits an object which is then reflected. The transducer receives the reflected waves and forms an image
in echocardiography what axis does rotating the probe towards the right shoulder show
the long axis
in echocardiography what axis does rotating the probe towards the left shoulder show
the short axis
We will do a 4C and 2 C biplane measurement
what is this
This means that the transducer will be held at the apex of the heart otherwise the thorax is in the way but it means that the image is upside-down
what can a echocardiography detect and calculate
For both biplanes the sos where can detect the boundary of the left ventricle. It then makes stages or disks within the ventricle and it can calculate the volume of all of these discks. The summation of all of these disks is the volume of the ventricle
You are able to calculate the diastolic and systolic volume
