L24 Flashcards
regular aerobic excerise you get an improvement in what
life expectancy,
protects you from CV disease,
hypertesion and dibeties
which all shorten your lifespan
As you excersize more then you are much more likely to be of normal body weight and less likely to be obease
Just running less than 51 min a week gives you a dramatic effect on what
a drop of hypertesion, cholesterol and dibeties. This difference does not increase much with more excersize
by being a non runner how much do you decrease your life expectancy by
decreased life expectancy of 3 years
in terms of CV disease life expectancy decreases by 4.1 years
how do you get the best protection from CV disease
run 51 min or more per week
you don’t have to run very fast or very far. it is better that you break this 51 min up and run more time a week
when you start running you gain protection and when you stop you loose that protection
this applies for any exercise not just running
is physiological left ventricular hypertrophy always benifitual
why
no
There are instances that we can hypertrophy that is not physiological and leads to pathophysiology in endurance athletes
this is because it can become that it is not just the left ventical that hypertrophies
what is athleats heart
There is a strong correlation between increasing the ventricular mass and VO2
chronic left ventricular remodelling leads to the heart getting really bog which has an association for developing arrhythmias as arrhythmias are more common in athletes than in non athletes
If you are less than 35 then what is the risk of dying from sudden cardiac death
is between 0.6 and 3.6% per 100,000
what do you often see in a autopsy of a athletes heart when they die suspically
When they did an autopsy it showed that there was non specific patches of myocardial fibrosis which indicated wear and tear on the heart but there was no coronary vessel disease therefore it is very likely that he died from an arrhythmia issue
what is a cardioversion
shock therapy where the heart is shocked back into the correct rhythm
when do you suspect, in athleats, that they are on the path to developing an arrhythmia
when you start to see the right ventricle increase (increasing more than the left ventricle) = cardiac remodelling issue
what does CO have to be at when exercising to cause cardiac remodelling
Cardiac output= 40L/min or more (~max)
how much blood do you need going into atria during ventricular systole to
maintain output in cardiac remoderling
> 200ml (anything more than 80ml considered abnormal)
More than 80ml leads to chronic remoderling of the atria which is proportional to the duration of the excersize
what is the CO > 40mL/min and more than 200mL of blood going through the atra cause
Stretching of the atria
Chronic remodeling of atria, proportional to
extent and duration of exercise
In athelats hear you get both the left an the right being remodelled
what does right ventricular remodelling lead to
Right ventricular remodelling leads to pro arrhythmic presentation
what is the issue with right ventricular remoderling
When we are trained and the detrained (retire from high level sport) the left vertical will start to reduce in size therefore the heart will go back to the normal size
When the right ventricle becomes remodeled then the right ventricle will persist therefore they will keep the large right ventricle.
this means that the right ventical will be bigger than the left which will cause problems
in extreme causes of cardiac remodelling what happens
The cardiac remodelling can also leads to an increase in the size of the atria which can also not go back to the original size and shape with detraining
when endurance athelats train they have periodisation.
what odes this mean and why would they do this
periodisation is when they might have a period of 4-6 weeks where they do intense training and then a 2-3 week easier training program
they do this so you can get some recovery of the body during this training of the body so you dont get chronic remodelling of the heart but also keep yor mitochondria up (don’t detrain)
Atrial fibrillation or flutter is increased how much in endurance
athletes
5.3-fold
what is used to treat Atrial fibrillation or flutter
Flecanide
Flecainide prescription is how many times greater
for athletes compared to
sedentary population
3.2
why did atrial fibrillation increase progressively in cross country skiers
they crammed more rases into the season meaning athleats had shorter race completion time, number of races completed, surrogates of training volume & duration.
they needed to be fitter therefore the more training they dad and the more their heart needed to get faster and stronger
because they were constantly raising their hearts never got time to recover therefore they developed atrial fibrillation
you also see an increase in incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in endurence athleats
where do these originate from
the RV in athletes
high level endurance athelats
how does the right ventricle become remodelled
During exercise, pulmonary artery pressures and RV afterload increase disproportionately
RV wall stress increases, acute injury.
Repeated injury with training remodeling
what is myocardial fibrosis
an acute injury to the heart wall because of wall stress
what causes pathological remodelling of the heart
If you continually overtrain and have improper recovery then it leads to repeated injury of the heart which leads to pathological remodelling
what is the greatest risk of developing an arrythmia
endurence sport
