L3 Ottawa charter and HP approaches

Question 1

What areas were identified for priority action in The WHO Ottawa Charter 1986 (Reinforced by Bangkok charter 2005)

Answer 1

Building healthy public policies
Creating supportive environments 
Strengthening community action
Developing personal skills
Reorienting health services

Question 2

Give examples of ‘Building healthy public policies’ put into action

Answer 2

Health act 2006 – No smoking in public places

Children and family act 2014 – No smoking in private vehicles carrying passengers of under 18

Question 3

Give examples of ‘Creating supportive environments’ put into action

Answer 3

Providing an alternative health food choice at work
‘Chuck sweets of check out’ – Campaign started in 2003
• Waitrose 96% snack free at checkout
• Asda 7% snack free at check out

Question 4

Give examples of ‘Strengthening community action’ put into action

Answer 4

Self help groups (for alcohol/ drug addiction)

Encouraging parents to petition at local schools to improve food (healthier food or more daily activities)

Question 5

Give examples of ‘Developing personal skills’ put into action

Answer 5

Oral hygiene instruction

Educating people have the ability to read AND UNDERSTAND food labelling may chose not to eat the unhealthier product

Question 6

Give examples of ‘Reorienting health services’ put into action

Answer 6

Focuses on preventative health measures, in stead of just curative/ treatment measures of health
Make health services more sensitive towards social, psychological and cultural needs
Channelling money into prevention and education, rather than protection and treatment
E.g. building dental practices in areas of high dental disease prevalence, water fluoridation

Question 7

What are the five approaches to health promotion? (Eweis and Simnett 2003)

Answer 7

Medical (Top down) 
Behavioural (Top down) 
Educational (Top down) 
Client centred (bottom up) 
Societal change

Question 8

Explain the Medical apporach

Answer 8

Patient is ‘told’ what to do and what is wrong with them by medical practitioner. Medical patients become passive acceptors of care which means problems may keep arising due to medical practitioner not being able to control what patient does outside of practice (E.g. Dental check ups)

Question 9

Explain the Behavioural approach

Answer 9

Advice is given to the patient based on the assumption that it leads to a behavioural change (E.g. One to one advice)

Question 10

Explain the Educational apporach

Answer 10

Similar to behavioural, different in the sense that information is given to individuals, and they should formulate their own ideas about what is best for them (children taught to brush teeth in school)

Question 11

Explain the Client centred approach

Answer 11

The patient is expected to diagnose their own problems, as well as decide upon their best treatment options themselves (personal diet plans)

Question 12

Explain the Societal change approach

Answer 12

Lobbying (Protesting/ persuading government officials to make a policy become law (Focuses on socio economic and environmental factors) water fluoridation

Question 13

Explain the Settings approach approach

Answer 13

Works in providing a health promoting place/environment (Encompassed in Ottawa chater)

• CaSHWaC
• Healthy cities
• Healthy schools
• Healthy hospitals/ dental practices
• Healthy workplaces
• Community development (similar to strengthening community actions)