L2 Models of health promotion and health promotion principles

Question 1

Describe the Health belief model (Becker and Maiman 1975)

Answer 1

Perceived susceptibility- Individual feels they are likely to get the disease
Perceived serious consequences - feels disease may affect them seriously
Awareness of effective measures - aware of steps to take to ensure change occurs
Benefits outweigh risks - more positives then negatives of undertaking action

Question 2

What is the advantage of the Health belief model?

Answer 2

Model useful in determining behaviour in procedures such as immunisation programmes

Question 3

What is the disadvantage of the Health belief model?

Answer 3

More complex to use this model for other socially determined behaviours (smoking/ alcohol consumption)

Question 4

Describe the Health action model (tones 1975)

Answer 4

Health action model focuses on the conflicting factors that have been bought upon an individual when making health action, not at the individual’s beliefs, is this a good thing? Are we removing responsibility from an individual?

Question 5

Describe the Tannahill model (Downie, Fyfe & Tannahill, 1990, 2001)

Answer 5

Health protection - Healthy eating at work (no greasy alternatives), No smoking in public places
Health education - Oral health instructions, instructions on living better/healthier lifestyles
Prevention - Screening/ immunisation
Health protection + Health education leads to Educating policy makers + Educating mass media outlets
Prevention + health protection led to water fluoridation + seat belt policy
Prevention + prevention + education leads to lobbying/campaigning for policies to be set in place

Question 6

What is health education?

Answer 6

Aims to provide knowledge and skills to encourage someone to achieve a health related goal

Question 7

What is health promotion?

Answer 7

Aimed at healthy public policies to address upstream factors which prevent individuals from taking a greater control over their own health