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Anatomy > L3 MUSCLE TISSUE > Flashcards

L3 MUSCLE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

Describe muscle tissue?

A

One of the basic tissues of the body

Cells (Fibers) are long and narrow

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2
Q

Functions of muscle tissue?

A

Responsible for movements

Maintain posture

Transforms chemical energy into mechanical
energy, therefore, producing force

Stabilize joints

Thermogenesis

Increase muscle mass, increases immune system

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3
Q

Four properties of muscle tissue?

A

Excitability; respond to nerve cells by
generating electrical signals
• Contractility; get shorten and generate force
• Extensibility; can be stretched
• Elasticity; returning back to its original shape

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4
Q

What are three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

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5
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

These are most abundant, found
attached to skeleton

Exhibit cross striations under microscope

Respond quickly to stimuli

Are supplied by somatic nerves

Are under voluntary control

E.g., Muscles of the limbs and
body wall

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6
Q

Parts of a muscle?

A

Belly (fleshy part)

Tendons (fibrous part)

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7
Q

What is the belly of the muscle?

A
  • highly vascular and

contractile part

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8
Q

What is the tendon?

A 
part which is attached
to the bones or cartilages
made of collagen
fibres, less vascular and non
elastic
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9
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

The fibrous part present in the flat muscles

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10
Q

What are the two attachments of muscles?

A

origin and insertion

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11
Q

What is the origin attachment of muscles?

A

Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during
muscular contraction

Generally the proximal part

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12
Q

What is the insertion attachment of muscles?

A

Attachment of a muscle that moves during muscular
contraction

Generally the distal part

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13
Q

What are the four muscle organization? (arrangement of muscle fibres?)

A

Parallel
Convergent
Pennate
Circular

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14
Q

What is the parallel arrangement of muscles?

What are the different types?

Example of each type and their location?

A

Muscle fibres run parallel to length of muscle

Most of the skeletal muscle are of this type

Different types – fusiform, strap, quadrilateral
• eg. biceps brachii, sartorius, pronator quadratus

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15
Q

What is the convergent arrangement of muscles?

Example and location?

A

Muscle fibres spread out like fan on one end and
converge to single point on other end

eg. Pectoralis major

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16
Q

What is the Pennate (feather like) arrangement of muscles?

A

Muscle fibres are arranged at an angle to tendon

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17
Q

What are the three types of pennate muscle arrangements?

A

Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

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18
Q

What is the Unipennate arrangement of muscles?

A

Muscle fibres
angled on one side of tendon
(eg. palmar interossei)

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19
Q

What is the Bipennate arrangement of muscles?

A

Tendon in the
middle with angled muscle
fibres on each side (eg dorsal
interossei)

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20
Q

What is the multipennate arrangement of muscles?

A

Branched
tendon with muscle fibres
organised around each
branch (eg. Deltoid)

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21
Q

What is circular muscle arrangement?

A

Concentric arrangement of muscle fibres

Guard the openings and decrease the diameter of openings

eg. Orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris

22
Q

What are the eight Nomenclature of muscles?

A

shape, size, number of heads of origin, location, relative position, attachment, function, direction of fibres

23
Q

What are the four actions of skeletal muscles?

A

Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixator

24
Q

What is synergistic?

A

Muscle(s) that stabilises a
joint around which
movement is occurring,
which in turn helps the
agonist function effectively

n the biceps curl the 
synergist muscles are the 
brachioradialis and 
brachialis which assist the 
biceps to create the 
movement and stabilise 
the elbow joint
25
Q

Fixator?

A 
Stabilize the 
proximal joints to 
allow the 
movements at the 
distal joints

E.g. deltoid muscle during biceps curl

26
Q

What is epimysium tissue?

A

A connective tissue that surrounds the muscle.

27
Q

What are fascicles?

A

Also known as bundles.

Several cylindrical muscle
cells or muscle fibres that make up the muscle

28
Q

What is perimysium tissue?

A

A connective tissue sheath that surrounds bundles or fascicles.

29
Q

What is endomysium tissue?

A

A connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscle cell.

30
Q

What does each muscle cell or fiber contain?

A

all of the organelles that we find in other cell types

multiple peripherally placed flat nuclei

Under the microscope, stripes called striations

31
Q

What are T-Tubules?

A

Invaginations of sarcolemma at A Band and I Band junction (permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell)

32
Q

What is Sarcolemma?

A

Plasma membrane of the

muscle cell

33
Q

What is Sacroplasma?

A

Cytoplasm of the muscle

cell

34
Q

What is Sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Contains?

A

the smooth endoplasmic
reticulum of the muscle cell
containing calcium

35
Q

What are terminal cisternae?

A 
Terminal cisternae are
enlarged areas of the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
surrounding the transverse
tubules- store calcium
36
Q

What is a triad?

A

2 terminal cisterna

and 1 T-tubule

37
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

red pigment that
stores oxygen within
muscle

38
Q

What are glycosomes?

A

granules of
stored glycogen within the
muscle

39
Q

Where are myofibrils found?

A

Muscle fiber or cell

40
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

cylindrical bundle of contractile proteins
contains
several sarcomeres

41
Q

What are sacromeres?

A 
the
functional or contractile
units of muscle
 One sarcomere is
separated from the other
by the Z line
42
Q

What do sacromeres of myofibrils contain?

A

Myofilaments

43
Q

What are thin myofilaments composed of ?

A

Thin myofilaments are composed mainly of a protein

known as actin

44
Q

What are thick myofilaments composed of?

A

composed mainly of the protein myosin

45
Q

What does the striated

appearance (light and dark bands) of skeletal muscles result from?

A

the orderly overlapping of the actin and myosin

filaments

46
Q

What is an I band?

A

I Band contains only thin (actin) myofilaments

isotropic; light band

47
Q

What is an A band?

A

A Band
contains thick and thin (actin and myosin)
(anisotropic; not
isotropic; dark band)

48
Q

What is H zone?

A

middle of A, only myosin

49
Q

What is smooth muscle?

Where is it found?

A

Found in the walls of the hollow viscera (stomach) and
walls of blood vessels
• Muscle fiber is an elongated, spindle (fusiform) shaped cell
• Contains centrally placed spindle shaped nucleus
• Do not exhibit cross or transverse striations under
microscope, being plane and smooth in form
• Supplied by autonomic nerves, not under voluntary control

50
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

Where is it found?

A

Striated (transverse) but involuntary muscle

Consists of short, cylindrical muscle fibers

It is present exclusively in the heart and is also
called myocardium of heart

Each muscle fiber contains many muscle cells
(cardiomyocytes) which are united by intercalated
discs

Each muscle cell contains centrally placed,
single oval or round nucleus

Muscle fibers branch

51
Q

Functions of cardiac muscle

A

Automatic and rhythmic contractions

52
Q

What do muscle fiber of cardiac muscle contain?

A

contains many muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) which are united by intercalated
discs

Muscle fibers branch and anastomose with the neighboring fibers

Each muscle cell contains centrally placed, single oval or round nucleus

Transverse striations are present

Anatomy (9 decks)

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