Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > L3 EPITHELIAL TISSUE > Flashcards

L3 EPITHELIAL TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

What is tissue?

A

A group of cells that come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four basic tissues of human body?

A
  1. Muscle tissue
  2. Epithelial tissue
  3. Connective tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Epithelial tissue?

A

One or more layers of closely packed cells (with very little intercellular spaces) avascular and is nourished by diffusion from the underlying capillaries

Extends to form glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is Epithelial tissue found?

A 
Outer surface of the body
– Interior of tubular organs
and body cavities
(mesothelium)
– Lines the interior of heart
and blood vessels
(endothelium)
– Ducts and secretory
elements of glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the arrangement of epithelium?

A 
Epithelium may consist of one layer or
many layers of closely packed cells
• The cells rest on a basement membrane
• In case of multilayered epithelia,
deepest layer of cells rest on a
basement membrane
• Basement membrane or basal lamina is
made up fibrous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of epithelium?

A
  1. Protection of underlying tissues of the
    body from abrasion and injury
  2. Secretion of mucous, hormones, enzymes
    from various glands
    3.Absorption of material from the lumen
    (intestinal tract or certain kidney tubules).
    4.Detection of sensations (olfactory
    epithelium of nose, taste buds and
    receptors in the internal ear)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two main classifications of epithelia?

A
  1. Simple

2. Stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four types of simple epithelia ?

A

Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the five types of stratified epithelia?

A 
1. Stratified squamous non-keratinized
epithelium
• Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
• Stratified cuboidal epithelium
• Stratified columnar epithelium
• Transitional epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium?

Function? Example?

A

One layer of flat cells resting on a basement membrane
• Width of the cell is more than the height
• Nucleus is flat, seen as a bulge on the cell surface
• Thin layer of cytoplasm
• This epithelium allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration
• eg. Alveoli of lung, blood vessels, bowman’s capsule of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is simple cubodial epithelium?

Function? Example?

A 
One layer of cells,
have equal height and
width
• Centrally placed
round nucleus
• Function – secretion
and absorption
• Eg. follicles of thyroid
gland, renal tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium cells?

A 
Cells are almost 3
times taller than their
width
• Oval shaped nucleus
placed near the basal
part of cell
• Function:
– Absorption,
secretion of
mucus, enzymes
– ciliated type
propels mucus (or
reproductive cells)
by ciliated action
found in stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four types of simple columnar epithelium cells?

A
  1. Simple columnar epithelium
    2.Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli or
    brush border
    3.Ciliated columnar epithelium
  2. Simple columnar epithelium with Goblet cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

– Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli or

brush border

A

free surface presents fine
projections called microvilli e.g. gall bladder,
small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ciliated columnar epithelium –

A

– free surface has

projections called cilia – eg uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Simple columnar epithelium with Goblet cells

A

contains Goblet cells which produce mucous e.g.

large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Example?

A

Single layer of cells with different heights
• All the cells lie on the basement membrane
• Some cells are short, only some cells reach the
surface of the epithelium
• Their nuclei are located at different levels, giving
the impression of a stratified epithelium even
though it is composed of single layer of cells
• Function: Secretion, particularly of mucus,
propulsion of mucus by ciliary action.
• E.g. trachea, vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Stratified (compound) squamous epithelium?

A

Seen in areas where there is maximum friction, and
cells are constantly replaced
• Thick, several layers of cells, only the deeper layer
of cells are in contact with the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium:

A

Contains 3 types of cells
• Deepest single layer of cells resting on basement
membrane are columnar cells
• Intermediate 3 to 6 layers of polyhedral cells
• Most superficial 2 to 5 layers of squamous cells
• E.g. esophagus

20
Q

Stratified squamous keratinized

epithelium:

A 
Contains 3 types of cells
• Deepest single layer of columnar cells
resting on the basement membrane
• 3 to 6 layers of polyhedral cells
• 2 to 5 layers of squamous cells
• Layer of keratin over the squamous cells
• E.g. skin
21
Q

What is Transitional epithelium (urothelium)?

Function? Example?

A

Capable of considerable distension
• Epithelium is 4 to 6 layers in thickness
• Deepest cells are cuboidal or columnar cells
located on the basement membrane
• Middle 2-4 layers of polyhedral or pear
shaped cells
• Superficial layer of umbrella shaped cells
• Function: stretches readily and permits
distension of urinary organ by contained urine

22
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A 
Usually made up of 2 layers of
cells
• Deeper layer of cuboidal cells in
contact with the basement
membrane
• Superficial layer of columnar cells.
• E.g. large excretory ducts of the
salivary glands
23
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A
  • Two layers of cuboidal cells.

* E.g. Ducts of sweat glands

24
Q

What are glands?

A 
Glands are epithelial
invaginations of the
surface epithelium
These are cells or
aggregation of cells
whose function is
secretion
25
Q

What are the two classification of glands?

A

– Exocrine glands

– Endocrine glands

26
Q

What are endocrine glands?

Function? Example?

A 
• Are composed of groups of cells lying
close to blood and lymph vessels
• The secreting cells mostly occur in groups
or cords
• These glands don’t have ducts and
discharge their secretion directly into the
blood and lymph vessels
• These produce hormones
• eg. thyroid gland, pituitary gland etc
27
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Exocrine glands discharge their secretions
through the ducts
• Exocrine gland secretions include saliva,
perspiration, oil, earwax, milk, mucus, and
digestive enzymes

28
Q

What are the classification of exocrine glands according to the
branching of ducts?

A
  1. Simple glands

2. Compound glands

29
Q

What are simple glands?

Example?

A

Simple glands:
• Secretion of these glands is discharged
through single or unbranched duct
• eg. gastric glands of stomach, sweat glands

30
Q

What are compound glands?

Example?

A

The ducts of these glands divide into many
branches
• eg. Parotid salivary gland

31
Q

What are the classification of glands according to the shape of secretory unit?

A

Tubular glands
– Acinar glands
– Alveolar glands

32
Q

What are tubular glands ?

Example?

A

Tubular glands:
• Secretory unit is tubular in
shape
• eg. gastric glands of stomach

33
Q

What are Acinar glands?

A 
Secretory unit is rounded or
oval in shape – which is called
acinus
• eg. parotid salivary gland,
pancreas
34
Q

What are alveolar glands?

A

Secretory unit is in the form of
flask-shaped sac called
alveolus
• eg. mammary gland

35
Q

What are the classification of glands according to the method of discharge of secretion from the secreting cells?

A

Holocrine glands, Apocrine glands, Merocrine glands

36
Q

What are Holocrine glands?

A

These glands accumulate their secretions in each cell’s
cytoplasm and release the whole cell into the duct
• The entire secreting cell forms a part of secretion
eg. sebaceous glands

37
Q

What are Apocrine glands?

A

Only a portion (apical part) of secreting cell is lost during
secretion and becomes a part of secretion
eg. mammary glands

38
Q

What are merocrine glands?

A

The secretion passes through the free surface of the cells
into the lumen of the acinus.
• Wall of the secreting cell remains intact
eg. parotid salivary gland

39
Q

What are the classification of glands according to the type of secretion?

A

Serous glands
Mucous glands
Mixed glands

40
Q

What are Serous glands?

A

Secretion of these glands is a watery clear fluid
• The secreting cells have rounded nuclei close to their
base
eg. Parotid salivary gland

41
Q

What are Mucous glands?

A

Secrete the glycoprotein mucin, which by the uptake of
water is converted into a slippery secretion called
mucous
• The secreting cells have flat, peripheral nucleus lying
against the base of the cell
e.g Sublingual salivary gland

42
Q

What are mixed glands?

A

Sublingual salivary gland

eg. Submandibular salivary gland

43
Q

What are the classification of glands according to number of secreting cells?

A

Unicellular glands

Multicellular glands

44
Q

What are unicellular glands?

A 
Gland consisting of single cell that
functions as a gland
• These are situated in the epithelium
of trachea and intestine along with
other epithelial cells and secrete
mucous
eg. goblet cells
45
Q

What are Multicellular glands?

A 
These glands consists of clusters of
secreting cells
• Most of the glands in the body are
multicellular glands
eg. parotid
salivary gland, gastric glands.

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions