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Anatomy > GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY > Flashcards

GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is embryology?

A

Study of the development of single individual from the

egg to the adult condition

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2
Q

What are the two stages of human development?

A

Prenatal period- Before birth

Postnatal period-After birth

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3
Q

What is ovum/oocyte?

A

Female germ cell (gamete) produced in the ovaries

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4
Q

What is sperm?

A

Male germ cell (gamete) produced in the testes

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5
Q

What is fertilization?

A

Fusion in between male and female pronuclei of male and

female germ cells

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6
Q

What is zygote?

A

Cell results from the union of an ovum/oocyte and a sperm

during fertilization

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7
Q

How do you calculate expected date of delivery?

A

Nagele’s rule : EDD = ((LMP + 1 year + 7 days) – 3

months)

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8
Q

What is cleavage?

A

Series of mitotic cell divisions occurring in the zygote
immediately following fertilization; cell formed -
blastomeres

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9
Q

What is Morula?

A

Solid mass of 12 to about 32 blastomeres

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10
Q

What is Blastocyst?

A

Morula that contains a fluid-filled cavity

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11
Q

What is Implantation?

A

Attachment of blastocyst to the endometrium (lining of uterus)

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12
Q

What is Gastrula?

A

3-germ layered embryo

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13
Q

What is Nerula?

A

Development of neural tube from neural plate

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14
Q

What is embryo?

A

The developing human from conception to 8 weeks after fertilization

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15
Q

What is organogenesis?

A

Part of embryonic period

weeks 3-8

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16
Q

How is the size of the developing human measured during embryonic period?

A

Measured as crown-rump length (CRL)-sitting height

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17
Q

What is fetus?

A

The developing human
after the embryonic
period

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18
Q

What is the length of time in which the developing human is referred to as a fetus?

A 
From week 9 to term
or birth (week 38)
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19
Q

How is fetus measured?

A

Measurement is

crown-heel length-standing height

20
Q

When is pregnancy said to reach term?

A

37 - 42 weeks

21
Q

What is pre-term delivery?

A

birth before 37 weeks

22
Q

What is post-term delivery?

A

birth after 42 weeks

23
Q

What is abortion and miscarriage?

A

The birth of the developing human (embryo or fetus)

before it becomes viable: before the 20th week

24
Q

What is the infant period?

A

Birth to the first year

An infant aged one month or less is called a newborn or neonate

25
Q

What is childhood period?

A

Period from about 13 months until puberty

26
Q

What is puberty period?

A

Period during which secondary sexual characteristics develop

12-15 years in girls; 13-16 years in boys

27
Q

What is adolescence period?

A

Period from about 11 to 19 years of age, which is characterized by rapid physical and sexual maturation

28
Q

When is adulthood?

A

Attainment of full maturity

Generally between ages of 18 and 21 years

29
Q

What is oblique plane?

A

Not pass through
any of these
standard plane

30
Q

Recall the anatomical terms used to describe fetus?

A

Anterior -ventral

Posterior - dorsal

Superiorcranial/cephalic/rostral

Inferior - caudal (tail)

Proximal or distal relative to source of attachment

31
Q

Recall the planes used to describe fetus?

A 
Median or midsagittal 
Parasagittal 
Transverse 
Coronal 
Oblique
32
Q

What is Spermatogenesis?

A

Formation of male gamete

33
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Formation of female gamete

34
Q

What are gametes?

A

Cells that carry out special function of reproduction

35
Q

What are gonands?

A

organs where gametes are

formed

36
Q

What is the male gamete?

A

sperm

37
Q

What is the female gamete?

A

ovum

38
Q

From what cells to gametes develop?

A

primordial germ cells

39
Q

What are the parts of the male gamete (spermatozoa)?

A

Head, Neck and Tail

40
Q

What does the head consist of?

A

Forms bulk of sperm

  1. A nucleus which contains 23 chromosomes
  2. Acrosome (acrosomic cap)
41
Q

What is acrosome?

A

covering the anterior two thirds of the nucleus, has enzymes which help the sperm to enter the female gamete

42
Q

What is neck of spermatozoa?

A

narrow junction between head and tail, contains a centriole

43
Q

What is tail of spermatozoa?

A

consists of 3 segments –
middle piece, principal piece and end piece

Tail provides the
motility of the sperm

Middle piece of tail contains mitochondria

44
Q

What is Spermatocytogeneis?

A

Formation of spermatids from spermatogonia

45
Q

What is Spermiogenesis?

A

Development of sperm from spermatids

Anatomy (9 decks)

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