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BMS242 Cell & Molecular > L3 Meiosis > Flashcards

L3 Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are haploid

A

sperm and eggs

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2
Q

What does meiosis produce

A

sperm and egg cells

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3
Q

Diploid definition

A

organisms with two versions of each chromosome

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4
Q

What happens during the S phase of meiosis

A

DNA is replicated

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5
Q

How is genetic diversity created

A

recombination between homologous chromosomes

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6
Q

What does recombination depend on

A

proximity of chromosomes

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7
Q

When are sister chromatids separated in meiosis

A

anaphase II

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8
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis

A

meiosis produces haploid gametes, mitosis produces diploid cells

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9
Q

What is the function of the synaptoneal complex

A

facilitates DNA base pairing between homologues

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10
Q

What does the synaptoneal complex recognise

A

double stranded DNA breaks

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11
Q

How are homologues bound during recombination

A

cross linking by transverse filaments, axial cores and cohesin

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12
Q

How many crossing over sites occur per bivalent

A

1-4

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13
Q

What are the two types of chromosome abnormality

A

chromosome number and chromosome structural rearrangements

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14
Q

What is aneuploidy

A

Abnormal number of chromosome material in cells

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15
Q

Monosomy

A

one copy of a chromosome

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16
Q

trisomy

A

3 copies of a chromosome

17
Q

Polyploidy

A

extra sets of chromosomes

18
Q

Where does polyploidy apper

A

cell lines

19
Q

Causes of aneuploidy

A

non-disjunction of chromosomes or sister chromatids

20
Q

Non-disjunction

A

failure to separate

21
Q

Non-disjunction in which phase of meiosis has more serious consequences

A

meiosis I

22
Q

Are normal gametes produced if non-disjunction occurs in meiosis I

A

no

23
Q

Nullsomy

A

missing pair of chromosomes

24
Q

Embryonic lethal aneuploidy

A

monosomy, trisomy usually embryonic lethal

25
Q

How lethal is nullsomy

A

pre-implantation lethal

26
Q

Are embryos with one Y chromosome viable

A

NO

27
Q

What is a common symptom of chromosomal abnormalities

A

congenital heart defects

28
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

complete or partial absence of second X chromosome in phenotypic females

29
Q

Why is lethality exhibited when one X chromosome is lacking

A

haplo-insufficiency

30
Q

Why can it be difficult for foetus to survive post-implantation

A

defective placental development

BMS242 Cell & Molecular (14 decks)

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