L1 Cell Cycle

Question 1

What causes cells to proliferate

Answer 1

extrinsic factors

Question 2

Wha† can extracellular signals induce

Answer 2

post-mitotic, differentiated state, no proliferation

Question 3

Which state of cell cycle is quiescence

Answer 3

G0

Question 4

Is G0 reversible

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

Proliferation

Answer 5

cell cycle growth and division

Question 6

Quiescence

Answer 6

non-proliferative state imposed on cell

Question 7

What drives the cell cycle

Answer 7

cyclins fluctuation

Question 8

What is the function of cyclin/Cdk complex

Answer 8

activate or repress target genes

Question 9

What is highly conserved throughout evolution?

Answer 9

Cyclins/cdks

Question 10

What cyclin is associated with G1

Answer 10

Cyclin D & E

Question 11

What cyclin is associated with S phase

Answer 11

Cyclin A

Question 12

What cyclin is associated with M phase (mitosis)

Answer 12

Cyclin B

Question 13

What cdk forms a complex with cyclin D

Answer 13

cdk4 and cdk6

Question 14

What cdk forms a complex with cyclin E

Answer 14

cdk2

Question 15

What cdk forms a complex with cyclin A

Answer 15

cdk2 and cdk1

Question 16

What cdk forms a complex with cyclin B

Answer 16

cdk1

Question 17

What is the cyclin equivalent in yeast

Answer 17

cln or clb

Question 18

What are the two major control factors of the cell cycle?

Answer 18

different cyclins, checkpoints

Question 19

Affect of DNA damage on cell cycle

Answer 19

causes cell cycle arrest

Question 20

Describe cyclin E levels

Answer 20

low through G1, rapid increase after R point

Question 21

Describe cyclin A levels

Answer 21

levels increase as cell enters S phase

Question 22

Describe cyclin B levels

Answer 22

levels increase before mitosis

Question 23

What causes cyclin level fluctuation

Answer 23

degradation of proteins

Question 24

Degradation of cyclins

Answer 24

ubiquitination dependant

Question 25

What are D type cyclins controlled by

Answer 25

extracellular signals - growth factors & integrin mediated ECM attachment

Question 26

Effect of growth factor removal

Answer 26

collapse of cyclin D1 levels

Question 27

What signals do cyclin Ds relay

Answer 27

messages from extracellular environment to cell cycle clock in nucleus

Question 28

What are other cyclins levels controlled by

Answer 28

intracellular signals, cell cycle advance

Question 29

Which phases of the cell cycle are autonomous

Answer 29

after restriction point in G1

Question 30

Cdk inhibitor

Answer 30

CKI

Question 31

What are the checkpoints in the cell cycle

Answer 31

G1 checkpoint, G2-M checkpoint, metaphase checkpoint

Question 32

Effect of hyper-phosphorylation of E2F

Answer 32

commits cell to cell cycle

Question 33

What are the 3 places where DNA damage is detected

Answer 33

G1, entry to S phase, entry into mitosis

Question 34

DNA repair in G1

Answer 34

non-homologous end joining

Question 35

DNA repair in G2

Answer 35

homologous recombination

Question 36

What targets proteins for degradation

Answer 36

p53 bound to mdm2

Question 37

What associates with the site of DNA damage

Answer 37

ATM/ATR

Question 38

What renders the G1/s-cdk and S-cdk complexes inactive

Answer 38

p21

Question 39

What prevents cell cycle progression

Answer 39

p21

Question 40

What is different between embryonic cells and adult cells

Answer 40

embryonic cells undergo apoptosis rather than repair

Question 41

What makes the cell become quiescent or grow

Answer 41

extracellular signals

Question 42

What accompanies formation of most types of cancer

Answer 42

deregulation of R checkpoint

Question 43

When is DNA replication

Answer 43

S phase

Question 44

How often is DNA replicated

Answer 44

ONCE

Question 45

What is licensing?

Answer 45

loading of inactive helicases onto replication origins

Question 46

When does licensing occur?

Answer 46

G1

Question 47

How often does licensing occur

Answer 47

once per cell cycle

Question 48

Effect of forks stalling on DNA

Answer 48

DNA damage

Question 49

What is different in the cyclin levels of embryos

Answer 49

Cyclin E and A maintain high levels throughout the cell cycle

Question 50

What is different about the cell cycle in embryos

Answer 50

very short G1 phase