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BIO230 Entomology > L3 Insect anatomy (mouthparts and antennae) > Flashcards

L3 Insect anatomy (mouthparts and antennae) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names for the 3 insect Tagmata

A

Prosoma = head
Mesosoma = thorax
Metasoma = abdomen

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2
Q

What makes up the mouthparts of insects

A

Labrum,
2 Mandibles
2 Maxilla
Labium

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3
Q

What is the structure and role of the labrum

A

Sclerite (plate) serving as upper lip in those with chewing mouthparts
Pulls food into mouth
Sensory function

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4
Q

In which direction do mandibles move

A

From side to side

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5
Q

What roles do the mandibles play

A

Eating tough food, defence and competition, filter feeding

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6
Q

What additional thing may be incorporated into mandible cuticles

A

Metals - zinc, manganese

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7
Q

What is the role of the maxillae

A

Secind pair of feeding appendege
Handling food and sensing
No role in defence

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8
Q

Name some parts of the maxilla

A

Cardo, stipes, subgalea, lacinia, galea, maxillary palp

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9
Q

How is the labium formed

A

Fused 3rd pair of feeing appendages

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10
Q

What is the role of the labium

A

Close mouth below or behind
Lower lip

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11
Q

What are some parts of the labium

A

Submentum, mentum, prementum, glossa, palp, paraglossa

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12
Q

What is the hypopharynx

A

Membranous tounge

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13
Q

What can be found at the base of the hypopharynx

A

Salivary ducts

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14
Q

Which two orders have highly modified hypopharynx

A

Diptera and Hemiptera

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15
Q

How many ways can the mouthparts be positioned

A

3

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16
Q

What are the 3 positions of mouthparts

A

Prognathous
Hypognathous
Opisthognathous

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17
Q

How is the head positioned in prognathous insects and what kind of insects have this positioning

A

Head verically aligned with body
Hunters - Coleoptera

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18
Q

How is the head positioned in hypognathous insects and what kind of insects have this positioning

A

Head aligned horizontally adjacent to body (e.g. Ants)
Plant grazers - Orthoptera

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19
Q

How is the head positioned in opisthognathous insects and what kind of insects have this positioning

A

Positioned diagnoally
Plant or animal stabers — Hemiptera

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20
Q

What are the 2 main fucntional groups of mouthparts and when are they used

A

Mandibulate - chewing
Haustellate - fluid feeders

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21
Q

How can Haustellate mouthparts be further divided and what groups are they divided into

A

Prescence of stylets:
Piercing-sucking
Sponging
Siphoning

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22
Q

What are stylets

A

Needle-like projections to penetrate plant and animal tissue

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23
Q

Which direction are primitive mandibulate mouthparts pointed in on plant chewing insects
Which insects can this be found in

A

Downwards
Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Blattodea
Grasshoppers and locusts

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24
Q

Chewing insects have 2 lips, what are they called and where are they found

A

Upper = labrum = flap hanging down over mouthparts, covering mouth from front
Lower = labium = covers mouth from behind

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25
Q

What are the mandibles in plant chewing insects often lined with

A

Teeth

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26
Q

Which direction are mandibulate mouthparts pointed in on predatory insects

A

Forwards

27
Q

What is the structure of mandibles on predatory chewing mouthparts

A

Long and curved with sharp tips for impaling

28
Q

What structure allows for nectar and pollen collection

A

Proboscis

29
Q

What are some strucutural components of a proboscis

A

Stipes, kabium, paraglossa, labial palp, glossa

30
Q

What are the mandibles in liquid feeders used for

A

Chewing wood, manipulating wood, clean and bite other bees or pests

31
Q

What original mouthpart is the proboscis formed from in insects with sponging mouthparts

A

Modified labium

32
Q

How does sponge feeding work

A

Proboscis is lowered and salivary secretions are pumped onto food
Dissolved food moves into songe and is ingested

33
Q

What is the function of the labellum in insects with sponging mouthparts

A

Sponge-like organ to sop up liquids

34
Q

What is the name for the sponge-like organ

A

Pseudotracheae

35
Q

What si the sructure of maxillae and mandibles on insects with sponging mouthparts

A

Maxillae heavily reduced
Mandibles absent

36
Q

What insects have siphoning mouthparts

A

Butterflies and moths

37
Q

What original organ is the proboscis of insects with siphonign mouthparts formed from

A

Modified maxillary galeae

38
Q

What feature of the siphoning proboscis allows for cleaning

A

Can be unzipped into two parts

39
Q

Name some bugs that have piercing/sucking mouthparts

A

Mosquito, Assasain bug

40
Q

What do the mandibles and maxillae become in insects with piercing/sucking mouthparts

A

Formed into stylets

41
Q

What do blood-sucking (e.g. Mosquito) insects inject

A

Anaesthetic and anticoagulant

42
Q

What do predacious insects (e.g. Assassin bugs) inject

A

Enzymes and toxins

43
Q

Which sex of the mosquitk has highly modified haustellate mouthparts

A

Female

44
Q

What do male mosquitoes feed on

A

Nectar

45
Q

How does the labium move in mosquitoes

A

Labium slides back towards head

46
Q

Which mouthparts in mosquitoes pierces skin

A

Mandibles and maxillae

47
Q

What is the role of the antennae

A

Provide a greater surface area for sensory receptors

48
Q

What sensory input can antennae detect

A

Sound vibrations
Wind speed
Humidity
How fast is is flying
Pharamones

49
Q

How can antennae be used in identification of sex

A

Flagellum segments

50
Q

What is the structure of an antennae

A

Anetnnal suculus and antennal socket
Point of articulation
Scape
Pedicel
Flagellum

51
Q

Do males have more or less elaborate antennae

A

More

52
Q

What is the benefit of having antennae with a greater surface area e.g. If feathery

A

Able to detect more dilute stimuli

53
Q

What is the structure of geniculate antennae and what insects have them

A

Elbowed
Weevils, bees and ants - species that fo into smaller holes or burrows

54
Q

What is the structure of lamellate antennae and what insects have them

A

Nested plates
Scarab beetle

55
Q

What is the structure of pectinate antennae and what insects have them

A

Comb-like
Male glow worms

56
Q

What is the structure of plumose antennae and what insects have them

A

Brush-like / feathery
Mosquitoes and moths

57
Q

What is the structure of clavate antennae and what insects have them

A

Gradually clubbed
Carrion beetles

58
Q

What is the structure of capitate antennae and what insects have them

A

Abruptly clubbed
Butterflies

59
Q

What is the structure of setaceous antennae and what insects have them

A

Bristle-like and short
Dragonflies

60
Q

What is the structure of filiform antennae and what insects have them
Why do insects have filiform antennae

A

Thread-like long
Ground beetles and cockroaches
Insects that have them usually have poor vision and live in the dark so long antennae help to detect surroundings

61
Q

What is the structure of moniliform antennae and what insects have them

A

Beadlike
Termites

62
Q

What is the structure of serrate antennae and what insects have them

A

Saw-toothed
Click beetles

63
Q

What is the structure of aristate antennae and what insects have them

A

Pouch-like with bristles
Housefly

BIO230 Entomology (10 decks)

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