L3 Insect anatomy (mouthparts and antennae)

Question 1

What are the names for the 3 insect Tagmata

Answer 1

Prosoma = head
Mesosoma = thorax
Metasoma = abdomen

Question 2

What makes up the mouthparts of insects

Answer 2

Labrum,
2 Mandibles
2 Maxilla
Labium

Question 3

What is the structure and role of the labrum

Answer 3

Sclerite (plate) serving as upper lip in those with chewing mouthparts
Pulls food into mouth
Sensory function

Question 4

In which direction do mandibles move

Answer 4

From side to side

Question 5

What roles do the mandibles play

Answer 5

Eating tough food, defence and competition, filter feeding

Question 6

What additional thing may be incorporated into mandible cuticles

Answer 6

Metals - zinc, manganese

Question 7

What is the role of the maxillae

Answer 7

Secind pair of feeding appendege
Handling food and sensing
No role in defence

Question 8

Name some parts of the maxilla

Answer 8

Cardo, stipes, subgalea, lacinia, galea, maxillary palp

Question 9

How is the labium formed

Answer 9

Fused 3rd pair of feeing appendages

Question 10

What is the role of the labium

Answer 10

Close mouth below or behind
Lower lip

Question 11

What are some parts of the labium

Answer 11

Submentum, mentum, prementum, glossa, palp, paraglossa

Question 12

What is the hypopharynx

Answer 12

Membranous tounge

Question 13

What can be found at the base of the hypopharynx

Answer 13

Salivary ducts

Question 14

Which two orders have highly modified hypopharynx

Answer 14

Diptera and Hemiptera

Question 15

How many ways can the mouthparts be positioned

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What are the 3 positions of mouthparts

Answer 16

Prognathous
Hypognathous
Opisthognathous

Question 17

How is the head positioned in prognathous insects and what kind of insects have this positioning

Answer 17

Head verically aligned with body
Hunters - Coleoptera

Question 18

How is the head positioned in hypognathous insects and what kind of insects have this positioning

Answer 18

Head aligned horizontally adjacent to body (e.g. Ants)
Plant grazers - Orthoptera

Question 19

How is the head positioned in opisthognathous insects and what kind of insects have this positioning

Answer 19

Positioned diagnoally
Plant or animal stabers — Hemiptera

Question 20

What are the 2 main fucntional groups of mouthparts and when are they used

Answer 20

Mandibulate - chewing
Haustellate - fluid feeders

Question 21

How can Haustellate mouthparts be further divided and what groups are they divided into

Answer 21

Prescence of stylets:
Piercing-sucking
Sponging
Siphoning

Question 22

What are stylets

Answer 22

Needle-like projections to penetrate plant and animal tissue

Question 23

Which direction are primitive mandibulate mouthparts pointed in on plant chewing insects
Which insects can this be found in

Answer 23

Downwards
Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Blattodea
Grasshoppers and locusts

Question 24

Chewing insects have 2 lips, what are they called and where are they found

Answer 24

Upper = labrum = flap hanging down over mouthparts, covering mouth from front
Lower = labium = covers mouth from behind

Question 25

What are the mandibles in plant chewing insects often lined with

Answer 25

Teeth

Question 26

Which direction are mandibulate mouthparts pointed in on predatory insects

Answer 26

Forwards

Question 27

What is the structure of mandibles on predatory chewing mouthparts

Answer 27

Long and curved with sharp tips for impaling

Question 28

What structure allows for nectar and pollen collection

Answer 28

Proboscis

Question 29

What are some strucutural components of a proboscis

Answer 29

Stipes, kabium, paraglossa, labial palp, glossa

Question 30

What are the mandibles in liquid feeders used for

Answer 30

Chewing wood, manipulating wood, clean and bite other bees or pests

Question 31

What original mouthpart is the proboscis formed from in insects with sponging mouthparts

Answer 31

Modified labium

Question 32

How does sponge feeding work

Answer 32

Proboscis is lowered and salivary secretions are pumped onto food Dissolved food moves into songe and is ingested

Question 33

What is the function of the labellum in insects with sponging mouthparts

Answer 33

Sponge-like organ to sop up liquids

Question 34

What is the name for the sponge-like organ

Answer 34

Pseudotracheae

Question 35

What si the sructure of maxillae and mandibles on insects with sponging mouthparts

Answer 35

Maxillae heavily reduced Mandibles absent

Question 36

What insects have siphoning mouthparts

Answer 36

Butterflies and moths

Question 37

What original organ is the proboscis of insects with siphonign mouthparts formed from

Answer 37

Modified maxillary galeae

Question 38

What feature of the siphoning proboscis allows for cleaning

Answer 38

Can be unzipped into two parts

Question 39

Name some bugs that have piercing/sucking mouthparts

Answer 39

Mosquito, Assasain bug

Question 40

What do the mandibles and maxillae become in insects with piercing/sucking mouthparts

Answer 40

Formed into stylets

Question 41

What do blood-sucking (e.g. Mosquito) insects inject

Answer 41

Anaesthetic and anticoagulant

Question 42

What do predacious insects (e.g. Assassin bugs) inject

Answer 42

Enzymes and toxins

Question 43

Which sex of the mosquitk has highly modified haustellate mouthparts

Answer 43

Female

Question 44

What do male mosquitoes feed on

Answer 44

Nectar

Question 45

How does the labium move in mosquitoes

Answer 45

Labium slides back towards head

Question 46

Which mouthparts in mosquitoes pierces skin

Answer 46

Mandibles and maxillae

Question 47

What is the role of the antennae

Answer 47

Provide a greater surface area for sensory receptors

Question 48

What sensory input can antennae detect

Answer 48

Sound vibrations Wind speed Humidity How fast is is flying Pharamones

Question 49

How can antennae be used in identification of sex

Answer 49

Flagellum segments

Question 50

What is the structure of an antennae

Answer 50

Anetnnal suculus and antennal socket Point of articulation Scape Pedicel Flagellum

Question 51

Do males have more or less elaborate antennae

Answer 51

More

Question 52

What is the benefit of having antennae with a greater surface area e.g. If feathery

Answer 52

Able to detect more dilute stimuli

Question 53

What is the structure of geniculate antennae and what insects have them

Answer 53

Elbowed Weevils, bees and ants - species that fo into smaller holes or burrows

Question 54

What is the structure of lamellate antennae and what insects have them

Answer 54

Nested plates Scarab beetle

Question 55

What is the structure of pectinate antennae and what insects have them

Answer 55

Comb-like Male glow worms

Question 56

What is the structure of plumose antennae and what insects have them

Answer 56

Brush-like / feathery Mosquitoes and moths

Question 57

What is the structure of clavate antennae and what insects have them

Answer 57

Gradually clubbed Carrion beetles

Question 58

What is the structure of capitate antennae and what insects have them

Answer 58

Abruptly clubbed Butterflies

Question 59

What is the structure of setaceous antennae and what insects have them

Answer 59

Bristle-like and short Dragonflies

Question 60

What is the structure of filiform antennae and what insects have them Why do insects have filiform antennae

Answer 60

Thread-like long Ground beetles and cockroaches Insects that have them usually have poor vision and live in the dark so long antennae help to detect surroundings

Question 61

What is the structure of moniliform antennae and what insects have them

Answer 61

Beadlike Termites

Question 62

What is the structure of serrate antennae and what insects have them

Answer 62

Saw-toothed Click beetles

Question 63

What is the structure of aristate antennae and what insects have them

Answer 63

Pouch-like with bristles Housefly