L2 Insect Orders Flashcards
What is the phylogenetic name for insects
Insecta
What are the 2 infra classes of Pterygota and what do they mean
Paleoptera (old wing) and Neoptera (new wing)
What are the 2 super-orders of Neoptera
Exopterygota and Endopterygota
Do the wings of exopterygota develop internally or externally
Externally
Do the nymphs of exopterygota resemble adults
Yes
What are the Plecoptera indicators of
Pollution
What is contained within the super-order dictyoptera
Cockroaches, termites and mantids
What is the name for the toughenes front wings of cockroaches
Tegmina
What group did termites used to belong to and what changed this
Were Ioptera
Molecular woek 20 years ago identified them to be in the same order as cockroaches
What is the leg structure in mantids
Modified front legs for prey capture
How many mantids are native to the UK
None
What is the shape of a mantis head and waht kind of vision do they have
Triangular
Binocular vision
What are the cerci
Sticking out bits on an earwig
What trait do female earwigs wxhibit that is rarely seen in insects
Parental care
What are the hindwings of orthoptera modified for
Jumping
What do the forewings of orthoptera form and what does this do
Forms stridulatory organs
Make noise
What defences do stick and leaf insects use
Camoflauge, bright coloured hindwings, spines and death feigning
Where are the silk glands in webspinners found
First tarsal segment which is swollen
What special silk structure do webspinners form
silk galleries
At what life stages are Phthiraptera (parasitic lice) ectoparasites
As juveniles and adults
The phthiraptera are secondary wingless, what does this mean
They intiially evolved wings but lost them as they were not needed
The phthiraptera are secondary wingless, what does this mean
They intiially evolved wings but lost them as they were not needed
How can the mouthparts of phthiraptera be modified
Chewing mandibles for feeding on feathers, fur or hair
Piercing stylets - inject anti-coagulants
How many suborders of Hemiptera are there
4
What is the biggest suborder of Hemiptera
Heteroptera
What are bronchosomes and which suborder produced them
Auchenorrhyncha
prodcued in a liquid which coats the body and provides water resistance
What is a key feature of thrip wings
Have fringes of ling cilia
Reduced venation
How modified are the mouthparts of thrips
Very modified, only left mandible present
Do the wings of Endopterygota develop internally or externally
Internal
What are the life stages of Endopterygota
Larva -> pupa -> adult
Do endopterygota larva resemble adults
What is the benefit of this
No, larva and adults look different
They don’t compete for the same resources
What special feature may be found on an alderlies abdomen
Gills
What special feature may be found on an alderlies abdomen
Gills
Are alderflies good fliers
No
How many pairs of wings do alderflies have
2
What is the feeding method of Neuroptera larvae (antflies, lacewings etc) and how are they adapted for this
Specialised predators with elongated mandibles adapted for piercing and sucking
Predators of pests
What is the largest insect group
Coleoptera - beetles
What is the hard structure which covers the body of coleoptera
Elytra
Which group of coleoptera have a reduced elytra
Staphyliniidae - short elytra only covering part of the body
What insects might stylops be parasites of
Bees, wasps, leafhopper, silverfish and cockroach
What does neotenic mean
Like larvae
Which sex of stylops can be described as neotenic
Females
How can scorpionflies be identified
Elongated mouthparts
What is the name for the elongated mouthpart of scorpionflies
Rostrum
What is the lifestyle of fleas
obligate paraasites of mammals and birds
How are the legs of Siphonaptera (fleas) adapted for their llifestyle
Long, hind pair adapted for jumping
Have hairs for attachment
Do Siphonaptera have wings
No - secondary wingless
How many paris of functional wings do Diptera have
1
What has happened to the hindwings in Diptera
Modified into halteres
Do larvae of diptera have legs
No true legs but sometimes have prolegs
What is the calypter
The reduced wings in diptera
How many pairs of eings do caddislfies have
2
Do adult caddisflies feed
No
What can aquatic larvae of Trichoptera indicate
Water quality
What is the structure of wings in Lepidoptera
They have flattened scales
Which order are Lepidoptera closely related to
Trichoptera
How is the mouthpart of lepidoptera adapted
Tubular proboscis
What suborder to most UK Lepidoptera species belong to
Glossata
What is the largest and most complex insect order
Hymenoptera
What is the largest and most complex insect order
Hymenoptera
What links the wings in Hymenoptera
Hamuli
How is sex determined in Hymenoptera
Haplodiploid sex determination
What is the haploid and diploid sex in Hymenoptera
Diploid = females
Males = haploid
What is the main lifestyle of Hymenoptera
Parasitic
