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BIO230 Entomology > L1 Taxonomy > Flashcards

L1 Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum do insects belong do

A

Arthropoda

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2
Q

What feature makes something an Arthropod

A

Jointed legs

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3
Q

What subphylum are insects in

A

Hexapoda

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4
Q

What characteristic puts something in the subphylum Hexapoda

A

Six legs

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5
Q

What are the two classes of Hexapoda

A

Entognatha and Insecta

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6
Q

What does apterous mean

A

Primitively lacking wings

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7
Q

What does entognathous mean

A

Mouthparts retracted within head

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8
Q

What are the 3 orders of Entognatha

A

Collembola, Protura and Diplura

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9
Q

What order of Entognatha have eyes

A

Only Collembola

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10
Q

Why do the other orders of Entognatha not have eyes

A

They mostly live underground

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11
Q

What is the relationship between the 3 orders of Entognatha and what is their relationship with other insects

A

The orders are related to each other or other insects

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12
Q

What are the two ways in which the Insecta’s can be classified

A

Based on development or divided depending on wing development

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13
Q

What are the 3 groups based on development and what does each one mean

A

Ametabola = no metamorphosis,
Hemimetabola = half metamorphosis,
Holometabola = whole metamorphosis

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14
Q

Give an example of an Ametabolous insect

A

Silverfish

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15
Q

How do Ametabolous insects develop

A

By moulting periodically (=ametabolous)
No metamorphosis, just get bigger

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16
Q

Give an example of a Hemimetabolous insect

A

Dragonflies

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17
Q

Are hemimetabolous insects non-winged

A

No, they have wings

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18
Q

How do Hemimetabolous insects grow

A

Change gradually by incomplete metamorphosis (=hemimetabolous)
Nymph turns into dragonfly

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19
Q

Give an example of a Homometabolous insect

A

Butterflies

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20
Q

Do homometabolous insects have a pupal stage

A

Yes

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21
Q

What is the lifecycle of a homometabolous insect

A

Egg hatches into larvae which forms a pup and then turns into an adult

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22
Q

How many subclasses of Insecta are there and what are they

A

2
Apterygota and Pterygota

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23
Q

How many orders of Apterygota are there and what are they

A

2
Archaeognatha and Zygentoma

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24
Q

What was the previous name of Apterygota

A

Egnota

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25
Q

What is the relationship between the two orders

A

Superficially similar but now clear they are not closely related - fundamental differences in mouthparts

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26
Q

Do Apterygota have wings

A

No and they never have

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27
Q

Give an example of Archaeognatha

A

Bristletails

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28
Q

What is the skin of Archaeognatha covered with

A

Flat scales

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29
Q

Do Archaeognatha have eyes

A

Yes they are well developed

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30
Q

How many ocelli do Archaeognatha have

A

3

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31
Q

Where are Archaeognatha live

A

Leaf litter and under stones and on seashore

32
Q

What do Archaeognatha eat

A

Algae and lichens

33
Q

What is the structure of Archaeognatha tails

A

3 tails
The middle one is longer as the abdomen has a long terminal filament

34
Q

How many species of Archaeognatha are there

35
Q

Give an example of a Zygentoma

A

Silverfish

36
Q

What is the feeding method of Zygentoma

A

Scavengers

37
Q

What is the structure of Zygentoma compared to Archaeognatha

A

Less cylindrical than Archaeognatha, tapered at rear
Zygentoma are dorsoventrally flattened

38
Q

What covers the surface of Zygentoma’s

39
Q

What is the appearance of Zygentoma

A

Shiny appearance

40
Q

Do Zygentoma have eyes

A

Sometimes
They are reduced if present, otherwise absent

41
Q

What is the structure of the tail in Zygentoma’s

A

3 tails all the same length

42
Q

What components make up the tail

A

Long terminal filament (from abdomen) and two lateral cerci

43
Q

How many known species of Zygentoma are there

44
Q

What are the Pterygota ancestors of

A

Winged insects that evolved during Carboniferous

45
Q

Why did some Pterygota lose their wings

A

Due to specialisation or habitat stability

46
Q

What are the two infra classes of Pterygota

A

Paleoptera and Neoptera

47
Q

Where are the wings on Paleoptera

A

Unable to fold wings back over abdomen

48
Q

What is the lifecycle of Paleoptera

A

Hemimetabolous
Egg -> nymph/naiad -> adult

49
Q

What are the 2 orders of Paleoptera

A

Odonata and Ephemeroptera

50
Q

Where are the wings on Odonata (2 different places for 2 different types of Odonata)

A

Held outstretched - dragonflies
Held above abdomen - damselflies

51
Q

Do Odonata have eyes

A

Yes, they are large and compound

52
Q

How many pairs of wings do Odonata have and what is this called

A

2 pairs of wings
= complex venation

53
Q

What are the colours of Odonata and when does this differ

A

Bright colours except females and tenerals which are often more drab

54
Q

Are the nymphs aquatic or terrestrial

55
Q

How many superfamilies of Odonata

56
Q

Are the adults aquatic or terrestrial

57
Q

Give an example of an Ephemeroptera

58
Q

Where do Ephemeroptera hold their wings

A

Above their heads

59
Q

How many flying stages are there in Ephemeroptera and what are they

A

Two stages
1. Sexually immature sub-imago hatches from nymphal stage and flies from water
2. Sexually mature imago

60
Q

What is the name for the sexually immature subimago

61
Q

What is the name for the sexually mature imago

62
Q

Are Ephemeroptera also sexually dimorphic

63
Q

How long do adults live and do they eat

A

Short-lived and non-feeding

64
Q

How do the larvae of Ephemeroptera eat

A

Aquatic scrapers

65
Q

How many families of Ephemeroptera are there

66
Q

How are Neoptera classified

A

Based on wing development

67
Q

What are the two super orders of Neoptera

A

Exopterygota and Endopterygota

68
Q

What is the lifecycle of Exopterygota

A

Immature to adult without pupil stage
Nymphs develop gradually into adults through moulting

69
Q

How do Exopterygota change from nymph to adult

A

Metamorphosis

70
Q

Do the young and adults of Exopterygota look similar

71
Q

Where do the wings do Endoptergyota develop

A

Develop wings inside the body

72
Q

What is the lifecycle of Endopterygota

A

Undergo radical metamorphosis

73
Q

What do the larval and adult stages of Endopterygota look like

A

Distinctive larval, pupal and adult stages

74
Q

How do Endopterygota change from larvae to adults

A

Undergo radical metamorphosis

75
Q

How do larval and adult stages differ in Endopterygota

A

Structure and behaviour

BIO230 Entomology (10 decks)

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