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S2 Perception and Cognition > L3 Depth Perception and Binocular Vision > Flashcards

L3 Depth Perception and Binocular Vision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of depth perception cues that humans use?

A

Binocular and Monocular

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2
Q

What are the 2 pictorial cues to depth?

A

Occlusion

Size Constancy

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3
Q

What does occlusion tell us about?

A

Depth ordering and what is closer to you

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4
Q

What does size constancy tell us?

A

We understand how big an object should be and use that to determine depth

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5
Q

Where is our depth perception greatest?

A

In peripersonal space (50-100cm in front of us)

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6
Q

What cue is Ames room exploiting?

A

Size constancy

The room looks to be normal and yet one girl is much bigger than the other, in reality, the room is on an angle and is designed so it looks the same so this tricks our brain into seeing one girl bigger than the other.

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7
Q

Occlusion and Size constancy can be referred to as pictorial cues but can also be referred to as _____ cues

A

Contextual

  • They give context to the object we are looking at*
  • What is expected in the environment (a more probable event) can influence perception*
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8
Q

Are occlusion and size constancy monocular cues or binocular cues

A

Monocular

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9
Q

What is a monocular cue for depth perception?

A

The depth of an object can be estimated with only one eye view

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10
Q

What is Motion Parallax?

A

The relative motion that is created when we or objects in our environment move.

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11
Q

Why is Motion Parallax a depth cue?

A

Close objects move most, far objects move the least

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12
Q

What is binocular vision?

A

Vision with two eyes

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13
Q

What are the three binocular vision cues?

A

Vergence

Binocular disparity

Accommodation

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14
Q

How do binocular cues to depth work?

A

Binocular cues to depth require information to be combined from the two eyes.

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15
Q

What is binocular disparity?

A

The difference in the left and right eye in what you can see in relation to the horopter

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16
Q

Why do prey animals have eyes on the sides of their heads?

A

They need to be aware of predators more than they need to be able to focus intently on whats in front of them so they need a larger field of view (FOV).

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17
Q

What is the interpupillary (distance between the pupils of each eye) distance for humans on average?

A

57mm

18
Q

What is the line called where our vision is neither crossed or uncrossed in terms of binocular disparity?

A

Horopter

19
Q

What is retinal disparity?

A

The way that your left eye and your right eye view slightly different images

20
Q

What does dichoptic mean?

A

Viewing a separate and independent field by each eye.

21
Q

Are thresholds for disparity (stereo) judgements comparable to width judgements?

A

Yes

It looks like there is a constant i.e. there is a law in play here

22
Q

What does it suggest for what is happening in the brain that disparity and width judgements are similar?

A

Suggests that the brain is using a similar ‘code’ to judge the position of two locations in space

23
Q

Biocular disparity and monocular cues can cues to judge depth.

What is the third cue?

A

Sensorimotor cues

24
Q

What are the two types of sensorimotor cues?

A

Accommodation

Vergence

25
Q

What is accommodation?

A

How the lens is stretched or relaxed to bring a target into focus

26
Q

How is accommodation a depth cue?

A

Strain on the lens is sensed by the visual system and can be used to calculate the distance of an object.

27
Q

In accommodation, which muscles pull or push the lens which allows us to focus light on the back of the retina?

A

Ciliary muscles

28
Q

As people age, the lens in the eye becomes less flexible. Accommodation changes and it is harder to change…

A

focal length

29
Q

What happens to the lens in our eyes as we age?

A

The lens becomes less flexible and this makes it harder to change focal length.

30
Q

What is a hyperopic eye?

How is it fixed?

A

Fixation plane is beyond the retina

Contact Lens

31
Q

What is a myopic eye?

How is it fixed?

A

The focal plane is too far in front of the retina

Fixed with a concave lens

32
Q

What is (con)vergence?

A

Angle of gaze of two eyes

  • Eyes can be turned towards each other, or turned outwards*
  • (controlled by ocular muscles)*
33
Q

What does convergence allow us to do?

A

Allows us to change focal distance

34
Q

What is Strabismus (strabismic amblyopia)?

A

A deficit in vision due to the misalignment of one eye - often caused by different muscle tension in each eye

35
Q

What is the term for an outward pointed eye?

A

Exotrope

36
Q

What is the term for an inward pointed eye?

A

Esotrope

37
Q

How is Strabismus treated?

A

With early surgery

38
Q

What happens if you do not treat Strabismus early and miss the critical period?

A

Strabismus makes you lose contrast sensitivity and you have a lack of depth perception.

You may permanently lose some of these depth cues if not treated in the critical period.

39
Q

What is stereo (stereoscopic) vision?

A

The human ability to view with both eyes in similar but slightly different ways.

Another word for binocular

40
Q

What is stereo vision primarily good for?

A

Fine Motor Skills

e.g. surgery, picking berries, playing music

41
Q

What can we use to simulate depth (i.e. virtual reality and 3d movies)

A

Binocular Disparity

different left and right eye view to give the illusion of depth

42
Q

What are two limitations for using disparity information for virtual reality/augmented reality?

A
  1. 30-40% of people have compromised stereo vision
  2. We only have high-resolution vision at the point we look at
    * The distance we focus at is linked to the distance the two eyes are pointing at. AR/VR requires different distances for these things*
    * Can give us headaches and other issues if we use VR for too long as a result*

S2 Perception and Cognition (25 decks)

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