L3 - Cross Cultural Variations

Question 1

How many studies and countries in the meta-analysis?

Answer 1

32 studies

8 countries

Question 2

How was the MA conducted

Answer 2

Looked into relationships between mothers and babies using Ainsworth’s strange situation

Question 3

Type of cultures studied?

Answer 3

Collectivist cultures (Japan, Israel, China) some individualistic (USA, GB, West Germany)

Question 4

What attachment type was most and second most common

Answer 4

Secure then avoidant

except for Israel and Japan - this was rare and resistant was common

Question 5

Country with highest % of secure

Answer 5

GB

Question 6

Who has the lowest % of secure

Answer 6

China

Question 7

Who had highest % of avoidant

Answer 7

West Germany

Question 8

Differences between and within cultures

Answer 8

Variations within were 1.5 greater than between

Question 9

What do the variations show?

Answer 9

Sub-cultural differences may play a more important role than culture e.g. social class

Question 10

+ related to methodology

Answer 10

Used SS
Same method across all studies
Standardised
High reliability

Question 11

• related to studying differences

Answer 11

Studied differences between countries not cultures

Study found Tokyo infants had similar attachment style distributions to USA but rural Japan had more IR

Question 12

• related to ethnocentrism

Answer 12

Based on the Strange Situation developed in America

Judging non-American infant behaviour against American (IE)