L1 - Stages Flashcards
Define attachment
An emotional bond formed between two people
Two-way process endured over time
Leads to some behaviours like proximity seeking
First stage of attachment?
Pre-attachment
Infants become attracted to other humans and they’re more preferred to than objects and events
Smiling
Second stage?
Indiscriminate attachment
Discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people
Still allow strangers to hold them
Third stage?
Discriminate attachment Have a primary attachment figure and show separation protest (distress) when this figure leaves Show reunion joy when they return Quality of time spent not amount Show stranger anxiety (distress)
Fourth stage of attachment?
Multiple attachments
Develop strong emotional binds with others e.g. siblings - secondary attachments
Also show separation protest
Evaluations
Observed in natural environment so high ecological validity
Not a cross-cultural study so doesn’t account for attachments in other cultural styles
Unreliable as based in mother’s reports and they may be insensitive to infant’s this protests so wouldn’t report them
Why are fathers less likely to be the primary caregiver?
Spend less time
Less psychologically equipped and lack emotional sensitivity
Why are females more likely to be the primary caregiver?
Have oestrogen which may underly caring behaviour
Stereotype of being sensitive to needs being feminine
Fathers’ role of being a secondary attachment figure?
More playful, physically active, and better at providing challenging situations than mothers
Pre-attachment is from what age
3 weeks
Indiscriminate attachment is from what age
3-7 months
Discirminate and multiple attachment/s is from what age
7 months
Discirminate and multiple attachment/s is from what age
7 months
