L3

Question 1

Oxygen diffuses from a/n _ cell in the blood stream to the plasma membrane of various cells in the body

Answer 1

endothelial

Question 2

Almost every nutrient, substance, or even water requires some kind of transport, except _

Answer 2

oxygen

Question 3

The plasma membrane is a gateway, into things to either enter or exit the cell, which is in the shape of a fluid _

Answer 3

mosaic

Question 4

If a substance is unable to cross the plasma membrane, then we say the membrane is ___ to them

Answer 4

semi-permeable

Question 5

Semi-permeability of the plasma suggests that it is _ for the substances that exits and enters it

Answer 5

selective

Question 6

Nonpolar molecules are selectively permeable. They include: O2, CO2, and…

Answer 6

steroids

Question 7

Small, uncharged polar molecules can/not easily permeate the plasma membrane

Answer 7

can.

Question 8

Small, uncharged polar molecules include urea, and _

Answer 8

water

Question 9

Ions, and large, UNCHARGED polar molecules require transport across a cell membrane. This includes ions such as Na+ or K+, and large, uncharged polar molecules such as _

Answer 9

glucose

Question 10

Lipids are the plasma membrane for _, required for endo- and exocytosis

Answer 10

vesicles

Question 11

Cholesterol, lipid bodies that form vesicles, and __ enable substances to cross the plasma membrane

Answer 11

transmembrane proteins

Question 12

Dropping food colour into a glass changing the colour of the water, is an example of food colouring going __ the concentration gradient

Answer 12

down

Question 13

Oxygen is found in _ quantities outside the membrane, and in _ quantities inside the cell. This precipitates that oxygen is obligated to go down the concentration gradient

Answer 13

oxygen
higher outside (extracellular), lower inside (intracellular)

Question 14

Na+ is highly concentrated _ of the cell, hoping to move _ the cell. However, active transport needs to take place, with the use of ATP.

Answer 14

Na+ is high in the extracellular fluid, and lower in the intracellular fluid

Question 15

Another name for intracellular fluid is _

Answer 15

cytosol

Question 16

The _ gradient is the difference in electrical charge between two regions, such as across the plasma membrane

Answer 16

electrical gradient

Question 17

The ions that create charged components along the electrical gradient include:
Na+
K+
Cl-_

Answer 17

Ca2+

Question 18

Where are negative charges at baseline, and conversely, where are positive charges kept? If so, why?

Answer 18

Negative charges typically are within the cell, whereas positive charges are typically outside the cell. This is because the greater number of Na+ and Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid, whereas K+ is typically within the cell

Question 19

Substances that do NOT have a charge are acted on by _ gradients

Answer 19

CHEMICAL

Question 20

Why are potassium ions confusing when along the electrochemical gradient?

Answer 20

K+ goes down the concentration gradient by leaving the cell, as well as goes down the ELECTROchemical gradient by leaving the cell. However, K+ is likely to return, or go UP the ELECTRICAL gradient because the general negative charge of the cytosol propels them to come back, making them not having to use active transport to get there

Question 21

Why is the understanding the chemical and electrochemical gradient important for understanding physiology?

Answer 21

this is how cells function, with electro, chemical, and electrochemical gradients