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Be it, feel it > L1 part 2 > Flashcards

L1 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

_ described how the internal environment is separate and different from the external environment.

A

Claude Bernard

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2
Q

The _ _ of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, receptors, control center, effectors, and response.

A

feedback loop

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3
Q

Claude Bernard described how the internal environment is separate and different from the external environment, i.e, ‘_ _’.

A

milieu interieur

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4
Q

_ _ coined the term homeostasis.

A

Walter Cannon

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5
Q

Normal beings strive to maintain a normal internal environment, regardless of the _ environment.

A

external

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6
Q

Claude Bernard and _ _ coined the underlying principle of physiology, homeostasis.

A

Walter Cannon

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7
Q

The underlying principle of physiology was brought forward by _ _

A

Walter CAnnon

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8
Q

A car on cruise control going up a hill is an example of _

A

homeostasis

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9
Q

An _ _ is sent to the control centre in a car to send gas to an accelerator and the engine for a car to stay at the set cruise control when going up a hill.

A

error signal

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10
Q

The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a _, controlled variable, receptors, control center, effectors, and response.

A

stimulus

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11
Q

The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, _ _, receptors, control center, effectors, and response.

A

controlled variable

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12
Q

The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, _, control center, effectors, and response.

A

receptors

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13
Q

The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, receptors, _ _ , effectors, and response.

A

control centre

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14
Q

The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, receptors, control center, _, and response.

A

effectors

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15
Q

The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, receptors, control center, effectors, and _.

A

response

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16
Q

Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the stimulus of the system is the…

A

hill/incline

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17
Q

Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the controlled variable of the system is…

A

the speed setting

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18
Q

Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the receptors of the system is the…

A

speedometer

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19
Q

Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the control centre of the system is…

A

the car engine or cruise control centre

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20
Q

Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the effectors of the system is…

A

the gas pedal compressing

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21
Q

Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the response of the system is…

A

the car speeding up to reach cruise control speed up a hill

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22
Q

Physiology is indicative of the body’ _

A

functions

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23
Q

An example of the chemical level of the human body is…

A

atoms or molecules

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24
Q

Smooth muscle cells are indicative of the _ level

A

cellular

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25
Q

Smooth muscle tissue is at the _ level

A

tissue

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26
Q

The stomach is at the _ level of the body

A

organ

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27
Q

The digestive system is at the _ level of the body

A

system

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28
Q

The highest organizational level of the body is the _ level

A

organismal

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29
Q

Amino acids binding into protein is an example of _, the metabolic life process

A

anabolism

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30
Q

The binding of fatty acids and glycerol into triglycerides is an example of _, the metabolic life process

A

anabolism

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31
Q

The breakdown of glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and ATP is an example of _, the metabolic life process

A

catabolism

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32
Q

Avoiding stepping on a tack is an example of this protective life process: _

A

responsiveness

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33
Q

The bone’s matrix is an example of increasing _ _ _ , an example o f the growth life process

A

the types of materials between cells (intercellular)

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34
Q

The growth life processes include:
increase in size of existing cells,
increase in the number of cells, and…

A

increased number of materials BETWEEN the cells

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35
Q

Red blood cells’ formation from unspecified cells in bone marrow is an example of this life process:

A

differentiation

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36
Q

Receptors serve as a/n _ to the control centre

A

input

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37
Q

Action potentials or chemical signals to a control centre is an example of _ in the feedback loop

A

receptors

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38
Q

_ bring about a change or response that alters a controlled variable

A

effectors

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39
Q

A return to homeostasis occurs when the response brings the _ _ back to normal

A

controlled variable

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40
Q

A return to homeostasis occurs when the _ brings the controlled variable back to normal

A

response

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41
Q

Receptors monitor the _ _ in homeostasis

A

controlled variable

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42
Q

_ disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a controlled variable

A

A stimulus

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43
Q

A stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a _ _

A

controlled variable

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44
Q

The homeostatic set point is a series of _ around the normal operating range.

A

variances

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45
Q

The homeostatic _ _ is a series of variances around the normal operating range.

A

set point

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46
Q

The homeostatic mechanism is a series of variances around the _ _ _ .

A

normal operating range

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47
Q

Homeostasis serves as a/n _ _ function.

A

error sensing

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48
Q

Minor adjustments are continually made to maintain a/n _ _ _

A

normal operating range

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49
Q

Feedback systems control mechanism that help maintain the _ _.

A

operating range

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50
Q

_ _’ control mechanisms help maintain the operating range

A

feedback systems

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51
Q

T/F: Homeostasis is a feedback loop that is associated with a mechanism that helps maintain the operating range.

A

False: there are a number of mechanisms

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52
Q

_ feedback will reverse a change in a controlled variable

A

negative

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53
Q

The majority of variables in the body are controlled by the _ feedback system.

A

negative

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54
Q

Positive feedback is about _ the changes that occur in homeostasis.

A

amplifying

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55
Q

An example of positive feedback is _

A

the childbirth blood clotting response

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56
Q

The greater _ of the response in homeostasis is specific to the human body.

A

complexity

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57
Q

_ is a mechanism that our bodies use in anticipation of a change in the controlled variable.

A

feedforward

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58
Q

Feedforward is a mechanism that our bodies use in ___ change in the controlled variable.

A

anticipation of a

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59
Q

Feedforward is a mechanism that our bodies use in anticipation of a change in the __.

A

controlled variable

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60
Q

If one anticipates a tasty meal, one’s mouth waters. This is an example of the _ mechanism

A

feedforward

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61
Q

T/F: Homeostasis is a continuous cycle.

A

true

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62
Q

The constant monitoring of the internal environment in homeostasis is dependent on the __, a continuous process.

A

feedback loop

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63
Q

Greater _ on the controlled variable/s is the main reason for body compartmentalization.

A

impact

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64
Q

Greater impact on the controlled variable/s is the main reason for _ _.

A

body compartmentalization

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65
Q

Greater impact on the _ _ is the main reason for body compartmenalization.

A

controlled variable/s

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66
Q

Another reason for body compartmentalization is the separation of the _ _ from the _ _.

A

internal environment from the external environment

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67
Q

Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
chemical -

A

breakdown of proteins into amino acids (catabolize)

68
Q

Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
cellular -

A

the formation of proteins from amino acids

69
Q

Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
tissue

A

the formation of proteins into tissues

70
Q

Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
organ

A

the formation of tissues into organs

71
Q

Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
system -

A

the utilization of energy within the digestive system (e.g.)

72
Q

Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
organismal -

A

the growth of size of the body

73
Q

Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
chemical -

A

oxygen moves within the blood stream

74
Q

Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
cellular -

A

oxygen increases to stimulate movement within blood cellsk

75
Q

Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
tissue -

A

blood volume moves more slowly or fast within the body

76
Q

Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
organ -

A

the blood’s efficacy impacts the workings of the heart

77
Q

Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
system -

A

the efficacy of the heart impacts the degree of cardiovascular efficacy within the body, and each parts’ movement

78
Q

Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
organismal -

A

the body is ready to continue living and moving

79
Q

There are _ systems in the human body.

A

11

80
Q

The gonads and subsequent parts are a part of the _ system

A

reproductive

81
Q

Ovaries and the epididymis are examples of _.

A

gonads

82
Q 
The gonads of the female body include the:
_
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
mammary glands
A

ovaries

83
Q 
The gonads of the female body include the:
ovaries
_
uterus
vagina
mammary glands
A

uterine tubes

84
Q 
The gonads of the female body include the:
ovaries
uterine tubes
_
vagina
mammary glands
A

uterus

85
Q 
The gonads of the female body include the:
ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
_
mammary glands
A

vagina

86
Q 
The gonads of the female body include the:
ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
_
A

mammary glands

87
Q

The kidneys and ureters are part of the _ system

A

urinary

88
Q 
The urinary system is composed of the:
_
ureters
urinary bladders
urethra
A

kidneys

89
Q 
The urinary system is composed of the:
kidneys
_
urinary bladders
urethra
A

ureters

90
Q 
The urinary system is composed of the:
kidneys
ureters
_
urethra
A

urinary bladder

91
Q 
The urinary system is composed of the:
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladders
_
A

urethra

92
Q

The mouth and large intestines are part of the _ system

A

digestive

93
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
_
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
A

mouth

94
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
_
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
A

pharynx

95
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
_
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
A

esophagus

96
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
_
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
A

stomach

97
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
_
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
A

small intestine

98
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
_
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
A

large intestine

99
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
_
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
A

anus

100
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
_
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
A

salivary glands

101
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
_
gallbladder
pancreas
A

liver

102
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
_
pancreas
A

gallbladder

103
Q 
The digestive system is composed of the: 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
_
A

pancreas

104
Q

The lungs and larynx are examples of the _ system

A

respiratory

105
Q 
The respiratory system is composed of the: 
_
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchial tubes
A

lungs

106
Q 
The respiratory system is composed of the: 
lungs
_
larynx
trachea
bronchial tubes
A

pharynx

107
Q 
The respiratory system is composed of the: 
lungs
pharynx
_
trachea
bronchial tubes
A

larynx

108
Q 
The respiratory system is composed of the: 
lungs
pharynx
larynx
_
bronchial tubes
A

trachea

109
Q 
The respiratory system is composed of the: 
lungs
pharynx
larynx
trachea
_
A

bronchial tubes

110
Q

The _ system uses cells such as the B, and T.

A

lymphatic

111
Q 
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
_ _
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
B cells
T cells
A

lymphatic fluid and vessels

112
Q 
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
_
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
B cells
T cells
A

spleen

113
Q 
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
_
lymph nodes
tonsils
B cells
T cells
A

thymus

114
Q 
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
thymus
_
tonsils
B cells
T cells
A

lymph nodes

115
Q 
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
_
B cells
T cells
A

tonsils

116
Q 
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
_
T cells
A

B cells

117
Q 
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
B cells
_
A

T cells

118
Q

The blood and heart are a part of the _ system

A

cardiovascular

119
Q

The cardiovascular system is composed of the:
_
heart
blood vessels

A

blood

120
Q

The cardiovascular system is composed of the:
blood
_
blood vessels

A

heart

121
Q

The cardiovascular system is composed of the:
blood
heart
_

A

blood vessels

122
Q

The pineal and pituitary glands are a part of the _ system

A

endocrine

123
Q

The endocrine system is composed of the:

hormone-producing glands, and _

A

hormone-producing cells

124
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
_
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
A

pineal

125
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
_
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
A

hypothalamus

126
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
_
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
A

pituitary

127
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
_
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
A

thymus

128
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
_
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
A

thyroid

129
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
_
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
A

parathyroid

130
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
_
pancreas
ovaries/testes
A

adrenal

131
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
_
ovaries/testes
A

pancreas

132
Q 
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
_
A

ovaries or testes

133
Q

The nerves and sense organs are a part of the _ system

A

nervous

134
Q 
the nervous system is composed of the:
_
spinal cord
nerves
sense organs
A

brain

135
Q 
the nervous system is composed of the:
brain
_
nerves
sense organs
A

spinal cord

136
Q 
the nervous system is composed of the:
brain
spinal cord
_
sense organs
A

nerves

137
Q 
the nervous system is composed of the:
brain
spinal cord
nerves
_
A

sense organs (i.e., eyes, ears, nose)

138
Q

Skeletal muscle is a part of the _ system

A

muscle

139
Q

Bones and joints are a part of the _ system

A

skeletal

140
Q

The skeletal system is composed of the:
_
joints
cartilages

A

bones

141
Q

The skeletal system is composed of the:
bones
_
cartilages

A

joints

142
Q

The skeletal system is composed of the:
bones
joints
_

A

cartilages

143
Q

The skin and hair are a part of the _ system

A

integumentary

144
Q 
The integumentary system is composed of the: 
_
hair
fingernails and toenails
sweat glands
oil glands
A

skin

145
Q 
The integumentary system is composed of the: 
skin
_
fingernails and toenails
sweat glands
oil glands
A

hair

146
Q 
The integumentary system is composed of the: 
skin
hair
_
sweat glands
oil glands
A

fingernails and toenails

147
Q 
The integumentary system is composed of the: 
skin
hair
fingernails and toenails
_
oil glands
A

sweat glands

148
Q 
The integumentary system is composed of the: 
skin
hair
fingernails and toenails
sweat glands
_
A

oil glands

149
Q

The chemical system are composed of the structural components of _

A

cells

150
Q

Combined moleculars make this system: _

A

cellular

151
Q

_ are the tiniest living units in the human body

A

cells

152
Q

Groups of cells and materials around them perform as _

A

tissue

153
Q

Tissue that cover body surfaces, lines them, and forms glands is _ tissue

A

epithelial

154
Q

Tissue that contracts to move and create heat is _ tissue

A

muscular

155
Q

Tissue that provides information through nerve pulses is _ tissue

A

nervous

156
Q

Tissue that supports, protects, and brings together tissues whil distributing blood vessels is _ tissue

A

connective

157
Q

Structures composed of 2+ tissues that serve as gross anatomy (i.e., form visible and recognizable shapes) are _

A

organs

158
Q

Related organs that combine to form a particular function is a _

A

body system

159
Q

T/F: Organs can occur in multiple systems

A

true

160
Q

The pancreas is an example of an organ that exists in multiple _

A

body systems (i.e., digestive and endocrine)

161
Q

The field studying the functional properties of nerve cells, which act as the body’s control centre, is:

A

neurophysiology

162
Q

The use of hormones, the chemical regulators in the blood), and how they control body functions (i.e., serve as effectors) is the field of _

A

endocrinology

163
Q

Studying the body’s defenses against disease-causing agents (protective function of the life process that impacts the functionality of other systems) is:

A

immunology

164
Q

The release of oxytocin to increase the dilation of a cervix during childbirth is a form of a ___ system

A

positive feedback response

165
Q

The process of blood coagulation is a ___ response, in order to reduce blood loss

A

positive feedback

166
Q

Immunology is the type of cell system that protects against unwanted pathogens in the body. It relates to another part of the body, such as…

A

the respiratory system’s use of macrophages to reduce tissue inflammation in the lungs when exposed to COVID

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