L23: Renal Histology

Question 1

glomerulus contains

Answer 1

afferent and efferent arterioles
capillaries
juxtaglomerular cells

Question 2

juxtaglomerular cells secrete ____, a _____ factor

Answer 2

renin

hypertensive factor

Question 3

bowman’s capsule is a double layered dilation of the nephron w/ and inner and outer layers, called

Answer 3

parietal layer - outer

visceral layer - inner

Question 4

outer layer of bowman’s capsule

Answer 4

simple squame

parietal layer

Question 5

inner layer of bowman’s capsule

Answer 5

inner layer of podocytes in contact w/ endothelium of glomerular capillaries

visceral layer

Question 6

bowman’s space

Answer 6

located between the two layers of the capsule

continuous w/ the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 7

the renal corpuscle in involved w/ producing a

Answer 7

filtrate of blood

Question 8

after the renal corpuscle, the following portions of the nephron are involved in _____ the ______ .

Answer 8

modifying the filtrate

Question 9

list and 3 steps of urine formation and where they occur

Answer 9

filtration – renal corpuscle
reabsorption
secretion - both occurring in renal tubules

Question 10

intraglomerular mesangium

Answer 10

these cells are located between capillaries in glomerulus and cover endothelium not covered by podocytes

Question 11

extraglomerular mesangium

Answer 11

these cells are located between afferent and efferent arterioles at the vascular pole

associated w/ juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 12

mesangium are formed by _____ cells embedded in a

Answer 12

mesangial cells

a mesangial matrix

Question 13

functions of mesangium

Answer 13

contractile
phagocytic
proliferative
synthesize matrix and collagen
secretion
support

Question 14

mesangial cells respond to

Answer 14

angiotensin II

Question 15

list the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 15

macula densa
extraglomerular mesangial cells
juxtaglomerular cells

Question 16

macula densa is formed by ? in the wall of ? and responds to changes in concentration of ___ and ___ in filtrate

Answer 16

densely packed cells
in walls of convoluted tubule

changes in Na and Cl conc. in filtrate

Question 17

juxtaglomerular cells are modified ____ _____ cells that secrete _____ into blood when stimulated by ____ _____.

Answer 17

smooth muscle cells
secrete renin
macula densa

Question 18

another term for renal tubule

Answer 18

uriniferous tubule

Question 19

list in order the components of the renal tubule

Answer 19

proximal convoluted tube
descending limb
loop of henle
ascending limb
distal convoluted tube
collecting duct

Question 20

renal filtration barrier slits are created by

Answer 20

pedicles of adjacent podocytes

Question 21

list substances allowed to pass thru bowman’s capsule

Answer 21

water, glucose, ions

proteins excluded
large neg. molecules excluded

Question 22

what type of cells make up the walls of the proximal tubule

Answer 22

truncated pyramidal cells

make up the simple cuboidal epi

Question 23

functions of the proximal tubule

Answer 23

reabsorb most water, Na, Cl

remove all glucose and amino acids

Question 24

the loop of henle extends from ____ to ______

Answer 24

proximal to distal convoluted tubules

Question 25

thick segments of henle limbs

Answer 25

simple low cuboidal epi | no brush border

Question 26

thin segments of henle limbs

Answer 26

simple squame

Question 27

functions of descending limb of henle

Answer 27

permeable to water, Na, Cl

Question 28

functions of ascending limb of henle

Answer 28

impermeable to water actively reabsorb Cl, Na slowly follows

Question 29

what is the major function of the loop of henle

Answer 29

establish counter-current exchange system to create osmotic conditions to move water when ADH is present

Question 30

distal convoluted tubule and water

Answer 30

impermeable to water unless ADH is present

Question 31

what 2 specialized cells are present in the collecting duct

Answer 31

principal cells | intercalated cells

Question 32

principal cells

Answer 32

reabsorb Na and water | secrete K actively

Question 33

intercalated cells

Answer 33

secrete H+ or bicarbonate ions

Question 34

list the excretory passages

Answer 34

renal pelvis ureter bladder

Question 35

list the layers of excretory passages

Answer 35

mucosa submucosa Muscularis adventitia

Question 36

describe the mucosa layer of excretory passageways

Answer 36

transitional epi | few smooth muscle cells

Question 37

describe the Muscularis layer of excretory passageways

Answer 37

inner longitudinal | outer circular smooth muscle coating ureter

Question 38

layers of smooth muscle in urinary bladder for the _____ muscle

Answer 38

detrusor muscle

Question 39

types of glands found in the male ureter

Answer 39

lacunae of Morgagni glands of littre