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Histology Exam 3 > L19: Immune & Lymphatic System > Flashcards

L19: Immune & Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity

A

lacks immune specificity and memory

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2
Q

first responders to inflammation

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

acquired immunity

A

develops in response to antigens
more powerful than innate
takes longer to develop

has specificity and memory

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4
Q

passive immunity

A

temporary immunity due to donated antibodies

ex. passing of maternal antibodies to fetus

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5
Q

active immunity

A

permanent immunity

due to self-exposure to antigen

resulting in memory for T and B cells

ex. vaccines, getting chicken pox on purpose

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6
Q

humoral immunity

A

plasma cells

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7
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T and B cells

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8
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

thymus

bone marrow

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9
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

nodes
spleen
tonsils

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10
Q

lymphoid follicles can also be called

A

nodules

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11
Q

primary lymphoid follicles

A

tightly packed aggregation of virgin B cells, dendritic reticular cells

that have yet to be exposed to antigens

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12
Q

secondary lymphoid nodules

A

are derived from primary

have been exposed to non-self antigens

not present at birth

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13
Q

2 components to structure of secondary nodules

A

corona – cortex
and
germinal center

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14
Q

describe the cortex of lymph nodules

A

corona
darker peripheral regions

densely packed B lymphocytes

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15
Q

describe the germinal center of lymph nodules

A

central - lighter stained regions
cells function as antigen presenting cells

b lymphocytes
b cells, plasma cells
dendritic reticular cells

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16
Q

what does MHC stand for and what is it’s function

A

major histocompatibility complex

functions for presentation of antigenic peptides to T cells

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17
Q

subdivisions of MHC

A

MHC I

MHC II

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18
Q

MHC I

A

expressed on surface of all cells except trophoblasts and RBCs

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19
Q

MHC II

A

expressed on surface of B cells and antigen presenting cells

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20
Q

IgA

A

found in saliva, milk, GU, respiratory tracts

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21
Q

IgD

A

surface of B cells traveling to lymphoid organs

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22
Q

IgG

A

major Ig in blood

responsible for most antibody activity

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23
Q

IgE

A

associated w/ allergic rxns

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24
Q

IgM

A

first antibody class expressed by developing B cells

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25
CD4+
recognize antigens bound to MHC II acts as helper cells for CD8+ differentiation
26
CD8+
cytolytic T cells bind to antigen presenting cells recognize antigens bound to MHC I
27
CD16+
natural killer T cells | release cytokines
28
natural killer cells release cytokines when activated - list them
``` interleukin 2 interferon y macrophage activating factor chemotactic factor tumor necrosis factor ```
29
function of interleukin 2 and interferon y
stim proliferation of natural killer cells activates nk cells
30
macrophage phagocytize …..?
foreign material antigens are expressed on surface of macrophages bound to MHC II
31
when antigens are expressed on surfaces of macrophages bound to MHC II, then ?
are presented to active helper T cells T cells undergo mitosis daughters become memory cells
32
what is the complement cascade
an array of 20 serum proteins which are synthesized in liver and found in blood facilitate inflammatory responses by coating pathogens
33
classic pathway - compliment cascade
activated by antibody binding to a pathogen
34
alternate pathway - compliment cascade
cascade directly activated by the pathogen
35
what is the most important opsonin
C3b
36
what are the 3 main results of the compliment cascase
1. activation of membrane attack complex - MAC 2. production of opsonins 3. release of chemotactic agents
37
MAC
membrane attack complex found on the pathogen leads to perforations and lysis
38
opsonins
are coating proteins that make antigens more palatable to phagocytes
39
chemotactic agents
attract phagocytes to areas of infections or inflammation
40
lymph node parenchyma vs. stroma
p -- packed cells, lymphocytes mostly s -- reticular fibers, undifferentiated cells
41
lymph node stroma
may contain fixed or free machrophages supports the parenchyma
42
lymph node hilus
entry and exit point for vessels - lymphatic and arterial vessels
43
afferent vessels enter lymph nodes on the
convex side
44
lymph node capsule
dense collagen fibers some elastic fibers some smooth muscle fibers
45
high endothelial venules
entry point, in cortex of lymph nodes, for circulating differentiated lymphocytes from other places
46
lymphocyte reentry point into lymph stream from a lymph node
medulla
47
medullary cords
consists of BVs, lymphoblasts and plasma cells located in medulla of lymph nodes
48
thymus capsule
contains blood vessels and efferent lymphatics
49
thymus trabecula
also called septa delicate CT that divides thymus into incomplete lobes
50
thymus lobules are composed of
outer and inner medulla inner stains lighter cortex - outer - stains dark from packed lymphocytes
51
what allows the thymus to maintain lymphopoiesis while segregated from antigens
lobule cortex contains BVs surround by continuous epithelial barriers
52
inner medulla of thymus lobules
light staining | allows entry channel to blood stream for mature lymphocytes
53
major characteristics of the thymus
--largest during puberty --no lymph follicles --no afferent lymph vessels (thus meaning lymph does not circulate thru the thymus)
54
what is the source of thymosin
secreted by epithelial reticular cells in outer cortex of thymus lobules
55
what is the role of the epithelial barrier surround blood vessels in the thymus
allows thymus to maintain lymphopoiesis while keeping cells segregated from antigens
56
what are Hassall's corpuscles
found in inner medulla of thymus lobules whorls of keratinized medullary epithelial cells
57
role of Hassall's corpuscles
produce cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin to stimulate maturation of T cells
58
double negative T cells
lack surface molecules like mature t cells enter cortex from BVs
59
double positive T cells
move to outer cortex confronted w/ epithelial cells express receptors for CD4 or 8+ and TCR
60
single positive T cells
move to inner cortex | express same receptors as double positive t cells
61
Foxn1 is essential for
differentiation of thymic epithelial cells
62
air genes promote expression of
tissue-specific cell proteins by thymic medullary epi cells these proteins allow identification and disposal of autoreactive T cells
63
difference between keratin 5+ and keratin 18+
5 -- cortical thymus involved in clonal selection 18 -- medullary thymus involved in clonal deletion
64
the thymus-blood barrier is leaky during development to allow
the immune system to grow stronger
65
the spleen is divided into
red and white pulp
66
spleen marginal zone
interface between red and white pulp
67
the spleen has functions in
blood filtering | immunologic functions
68
the _____ is the origin of blood formation in the fetus
spleen
69
removal of the spleen leads to
overwhelming bacterial infections in infants to young adults the older you are the stronger you will be w/o a spleen
70
white pulp
site of clonal-expansion of antigen-activated lymphocytes b and t cells area reticular fibers associated w/ fixed macrophages
71
red pulp
80% of the spleen functions to filter blood
72
open circulation is found where in the spleen
in the red pulp Billroth cords
73
where are PALs found
found in t cell areas of white pulp
74
where are Billroth cords found
parenchyma of red pulp

Histology Exam 3 (9 decks)

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