L22: Pulmonary Histology

Question 1

respiratory epithelium

Answer 1

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 2

epithelium that lines the nares

Answer 2

stratified squamous epi

contains sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands and hair follicles

Question 3

list cell types that make up the olfactory epithelium

Answer 3

Sustentacular cells
basal cells
olfactory cells
glands of bowman

respiratory epi w/ goblet cells

Question 4

Sustentacular cells are ____ cells w/ _____ granules.

Answer 4

support cells

pigment granules

Question 5

basal cells act as ?

Answer 5

stem cells to give rise to new immature olfactory cells

Question 6

describe olfactory cells

Answer 6

bipolar neurons
apical ends project into nasal cavity
basal ends extend to cns

these cells die and are replaced via basal stem cells

Question 7

describe the basal ends of olfactory cells

Answer 7

extend as unmyelinated axons

bundle w/ other olfactory neurons thru ethmoid plate to the olfactory bulb

Question 8

describe the glands of bowman

Answer 8

located in lamina propria of nose

secrete odorant binding proteins

Question 9

nasopharynx - Waldeyer’s ring

Answer 9

a ring of lymphoid tissue around nasopharynx

includes the tonsils and adenoids

Question 10

list components of the larynx

Answer 10

epiglottis
false vocal chords
true vocal chords

Question 11

surfaces of the epiglottis

Answer 11

lingual surface

pharyngeal surface

Question 12

lingual surface of epiglottis

Answer 12

faces back of throat
stratified squame
loose elastic CT

Question 13

pharyngeal surface of epiglottis

Answer 13

faces mouth opening
resp. epi
seromucous glands

Question 14

the core of the epiglottis consists of ?

Answer 14

elastic cartilage

Question 15

describe the false vocal chords

Answer 15

vestibular folds
resp. epi
seromucous glands
tips have dif. cells

Question 16

tip of false vocal chords

Answer 16

covered by stratified squame because this area experiences more abrasions

Question 17

describe true vocal chords

Answer 17

stratified squame

lack seromucous glands

Question 18

the remaining portions of the larynx is covered w/

Answer 18

resp. epi

Question 19

what are the two types of epithelium found in the larynx

Answer 19

resp. epi

stratified squame

Question 20

are the muscles associated w/ the larynx skeletal or smooth

Answer 20

skeletal - voluntary

Question 21

3 layers of the trachea

Answer 21

mucosa
submucosa
adventitia

Question 22

mucosa of the trachea

Answer 22

resp. epi w/ thick BM

lymphatic tissue present in lamina propria

Question 23

submucosa of trachea

Answer 23

many sero-mucous glands

Question 24

adventitia of trachea

Answer 24

16-20 C shaped cartilages
openings of the C is covered by muscle

mixed glands and capillaries present

Question 25

the extrapulmonary bronchi are also called

Answer 25

primary bronchi

resemble the trachea but smaller
cartilage rings are complete circles

Question 26

primary bronchi divide into secondary bronchi or ____ bronchi. with __ on the right and __ on the left.

Answer 26

lobar/intrapulmonary bronchi
3 right
2 left

Question 27

secondary bronchi are reinforced by ?

Answer 27

circular rings of hyaline cartilage

that transition into irregular plates

Question 28

as bronchi become smaller, epithelium _____ in height, and elastic fibers/smooth muscle _____ in proportion.

Answer 28

decrease

increase

Question 29

characteristics of bronchioles

Answer 29

no cartilage
no glands
some goblet cells
lots of smooth muscle

epi transitions from resp. epi to ciliated cuboidal

Question 30

where is the location of the first gas exchange

Answer 30

respiratory bronchioles

Question 31

respiratory bronchioles

Answer 31

low columnar/cuboidal

no goblet cells

Question 32

alveolar ducts

Answer 32

continuations of bronchioles

cone shaped squame

Question 33

alveolar sacs

Answer 33

each is composed of several alveoli

Question 34

alveoli are separated from each other by ____ ____ .

Answer 34

alveolar septa

Question 35

alveoli walls are ____ and composed of

Answer 35

thin
type I and II alveolar cells
dust cells

Question 36

type I alveolar cells

Answer 36

less #’s than II

cover largest surface area

Question 37

type II alveolar cells

Answer 37

cuboidal/round cels

serve as stem cells for type I and II

Question 38

name for macrophages in alveoli

Answer 38

dust cells

Question 39

another term for alveolar cells

Answer 39

type I and II pneumocytes

Question 40

pores of Kohn

Answer 40

openings between adjacent alveoli

Question 41

histology of alveolar I cells

Answer 41

very thin cytoplasm
cover 95% of alveoli surface
tight junctions w/ type I’s

the basal lamina is fused w/ basal lamina of capillaries

Question 42

histology of alveolar II cells

Answer 42

secrete surfactant
numerous lamellar bodies
–which hold proteins of surfactant

phagocytize old surfactant

Question 43

alveolar II cells are rounded cells that ____ into alveolar ____ .

Answer 43

bulge

lumen

Question 44

neuroendocrine cells are associated w/ _____ _____, release ______ but are most prevalent in _____.

Answer 44

sensory reception
catecholamines
infants

Question 45

clara cells are responsible for secreting ? and found only in ?

Answer 45

surfactant

found only in bronchioles

Question 46

the number of clara cells increases as what decreases?

Answer 46

amount of ciliation

Question 47

iron containing cells

Answer 47

during congestive heart failure hemoglobin products are broken down and leak into alveolar spaces

dust cells eat it up and are then called iron containing cells or heart failure cells

Question 48

what is the function of pores of Kohn

Answer 48

permit gas exchange

but to exclude fluids or cells from entering alveoli