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Nurological Physiotherapy > L2: Intro to Posrure and Principles of Movement > Flashcards

L2: Intro to Posrure and Principles of Movement Flashcards

1
Q

why do we assess posture

A
  • part of the objective examination
  • begin to build a picture what structures and changes may be contributing to symptoms
  • it affects stability and balance
  • it affects movement and function
  • it can cause pain and injury
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2
Q

why does everyone not have the same ‘normal posture’

A
  • no 2 individuals have the same body type
  • variations in leg, trunk, arm dimensions, distribution of fat, muscle bulk influence posture
  • people adapt and use their bodies differently in various environments or prefessions
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3
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

splits body into front and back

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4
Q

sagittal plane

A

splits body left and right

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5
Q

transverse (horizontal) plane

A

splits body top to bottom

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6
Q

what is the importance of good posture and alignment

A
  • prevents postural deformities
  • prevents muskuloskeletal pain syndromes
  • reduces stress on joint surfaces
  • maintains joint integrity
  • contribute to optimal joint patterns
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7
Q

suggested framework for the postural assessment

A
  • start at the top
  • work methodically in one direction
  • look at key bony landmakrs
  • consider symmetry of the posture
  • consider weight bearing (base of support)
  • look at muscle bulk
  • look at skin creases
  • anterior, lateral and posterior aspects
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8
Q

how is ideal posture measured

A

using the ‘plumb line’ as a reference point for assessing posture
- intersection of sagittal and coronal planes
- body is in equilibrium and there should be a balanced distribution of weight and a stable position of each joint

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9
Q

anatomical/ surface pointsof plumb line of reference for lateral posture

A

Slightly anterior to:
- lateral malleolus
- axis on the knee joint
Slightly posterior to:
- axis of the hip joint
Passess through:
- bodies if lumbar vertebrea
- bodies of most cervical vertebrae
- ear and should joint
Spinal curves - gentle ‘S’ shape
- cervical lordosis
- thoracic kyphosis
- lumbar lordosis

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10
Q

anatomical/ surface pointsof plumb line of reference for posterior posture

A
  • head - neither tilted or rotated
  • cervical spine - straight
  • shoulders - level, not elevated or depressed
  • scapulae - neutral position (medial borders parallel, 3-4 inches apart)
  • Tx and Lx straight
  • hip joints - neutral, neither abducted or adducted
  • lower extremities - neither knocked knees (valves) or bowed (varus)
  • feet - parallel of slight toeing out
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11
Q

curve of cervical spine

A

lordosis (inward curve)

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12
Q

curve of thoracic spine

A

kyphosis (outward curve)

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13
Q

curve of lumbar spine

A

lordosis (inward curve)

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14
Q

shoulder and scapular anatomical landmarks need ot be aware of

A

medial border
lateral border
spine
inferior angle

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15
Q

postition of scapula for normal posture

A

lie flat against thorax approx 15-30 degrees forward of coronal plane
- foraward/ protected scapula more than 30 degrees foraward. Retracted scapula less than 15 degrees forward
- no angle or border is prominent (no winging where medial border is prominent, no tipping where inferior anfle of scapula is prominent)
- medial edge of the spine of the scapula should be level with T3
- inferior angle should be level with T7
- the medial border or the scapula should be approximately 2-2.5 inches from the spine

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16
Q

positon of shoulders for normal posture

A
  • should be level
  • observe for muscle activity - if they are forwards/ one higher than the other
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17
Q

position of clavicles for normal posture

A

should be symmetrical

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18
Q

bony landmarks you shoud look/ feel for on pelvis

A
  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • posterior superior iliac spine
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19
Q

some factors that may contribute to abnormal posture

A
  • pain
  • fatigue
  • pathology
  • weakness
  • msucle tone
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20
Q

common altered neck positions

A

posterior neck tilt, anterior head tilt, forward head posture

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21
Q

what is this altered neck position

A

posterior head tilt

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22
Q

what is this altered neck position

A

anterior head tilt

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23
Q

what is this altered neck position

A

forward head posture

24
Q

what abnormal postural alignment is this

A

kypho-lordosis

25
Q

what abnormal postural alignment is this

A

sway back posture

26
Q

what abnormal posture alignment is this

A

flat back posture

27
Q

anatomical movements that take place at shoulder

A

flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
circumduction
meadial rotation
lateral rotation

28
Q

what movements happen at the neck

A

flexion
extension
rotation

29
Q

anotomical movements at the elbow

A

flexion
extension
pronation
supination

30
Q

anatomical movements at the hips

A

flexion
extension
adduction
abduction
medial rotation
lateral rotation

31
Q

anatomical movements at the knee

A

flexion
extension

32
Q

anatomical movements at the ankle

A

dorsi flexion
plantar flexion
inversion
eversion

33
Q

anatomical movements of the jaw/ mandible

A

retraction
protraction
elevation
depression

34
Q

anatomical movements of the fingers

A

flexion
extension
opposition

35
Q

name the postural muscles of the trunk

A

multifidus
rotatores
erector spinae
rectus abdominis
transverse abdominis

36
Q

what muscle is this

A

multifidus

37
Q

origins of multifidus

A
  • posterior surface of sacrum
  • PSIS
  • mammilary processes of all Lx vertebrae
  • transverse processes of all Tx vertebrae
  • articular processes of lower 4 Cx vertebrae
38
Q

insertion of multifidus

A

intro-spinous process 2-4 vertebrae above the origin from L5-C2

39
Q

action of multifidus

A
  • protects spine from movements made by more powerful prime movers
  • contributes to extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the spine
  • helps maintain upright posture and spinal stability in all movments
40
Q

what muscle is this

41
Q

origin of rotatores

A

transverse processes of each vertebrae

42
Q

insertion of rotatores

A

base of spinous process of vertebrae above

43
Q

action of rotatores

A
  • rotation and assist in extension of spine
  • helps maintain upright posture and spinal stability in all movments
44
Q

what muscle is this

A

erector spinae
a.k.a. sarcospinalis

45
Q

what are the 3 groups of muscles in erector spinae

A
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis
46
Q

origins of erector spinae

A
  • sacrum
  • iliac crest
  • spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae
  • ribs
47
Q

insertion of erector spinae

A
  • ribs
  • transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae
  • occipital bone
48
Q

action of erector spinae

A
  • extension and lateral flexion of spine
  • helps maintain curvature or the spine in upright positions
49
Q

what muscle is this

A

rectus abdominis

50
Q

origins of rectus abdominis

A

pubic crest
pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis

51
Q

insertion of rectus abdominis

A
  • xiphoid process
  • 5-7th costal cartilages
52
Q

action of erector spinae

A

flexion
stabilises pelvis

53
Q

what muscle is this

A

transverse abdominis

54
Q

origins of transverse abdominis

A
  • iliac crest
  • costal cartilages of lower 6 ribs
  • thoracolumbar fascia
55
Q

insertion of transverse abdominis

A

linae alba via an abdominal aponeurosis

56
Q

action of transverse abdominis

A
  • compresses abdomen supporting against pull of gravity
  • helps maintain posture
  • contributes to forced expiration

Nurological Physiotherapy (21 decks)

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