L19-acid-base disturbances in CVRS

Question 1

two EQB pathways that reduces level of CO2 and increases {H+]

Answer 1

• one involved carbonic acid

- another involving carboamino compounds or

Question 2

three EQB pathways that reduces level of {H+]

Answer 2

• H binding to plasma proteins
• in Hb
• in CO2/HCO3 system
• useful to buffer the blood pH

Question 3

why isnt CO/HCO3-system initially good

Answer 3

• its pKa is around 6.1 so its less close to the physio pH range which is 7-7.8
• so HCO3 works as a buffer less efficiently

Question 4

but what factors increases the usefulness of CO/HCO3 system

Answer 4

• high conc of CO2/HCO3
• metabolism adds more CO2 to the system
• both components can be tightly regulated

Question 5

what regulates CO2level

Answer 5

lungs -through ventilation

Question 6

what regulates HCO3 level

Answer 6

kidneys -through filteration and absorption

Question 7

what is respiratory pH disturbance

Answer 7

cause in the change in Ph due to A chnage in PCO2

Question 8

types of respiratory pH disturbances

Answer 8

R acidosis and alkalosis

Question 9

what is metabolic pH disturbance

Answer 9

cause in the change in Ph due to A chnage in [HCO3]

Question 10

types of metabolic pH disturbance

Answer 10

M acidosis and alkalosis

Question 11

how is the Ph disturbances compensated (returns to normal)

Answer 11

• R distrubance- by kidneys

- M disturbance- by lungs

Question 12

what happends during R acidosis

Answer 12

• PCO2 increases due to hypoventilation
• EQB shifts to the right and generates H ions, leading to acidosis (lower pH)
• metabolic compensation : kidneys increases [HCO3} so the EQB shifts to the left to decreases [H]
• (pH is lower after compensation)

Question 13

what happens during R alkalosis

Answer 13

• PCO2 decreases due to hyperventilation
• so EQB shifts to the left and [H] decreases so the pH rises to the remaining levels of [HCO3]
• metabolic - kidneys decreases the levels of [HCO3] to restore the pH(pH is higher after compensation)

Question 14

what happens during M alkalosis

Answer 14

• loss of [H] so the level of [HCO3] increases so the pH increases too
• respiratory compensation where the lungs increase level of CO2 due to expiration
• [H] increases and levels are back to normal but at lower higher pH

Question 15

what happens during M acidosis

Answer 15

fall in HCO3 or rise in H levels

• respiratory - decreases CO2 through ventilation or inspiration
• the levels fall back to normal but at a lower pH