Continuous and intermittent Flow Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of elastic arteries

A

convert the pumping of the heart into continuous blood flow

  • dampening the pressure changes
  • distribution of blood
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2
Q

What is the composition of the elastic arteries

A

endothelium, elastin, smooth muscle, collagen

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3
Q

What is the role of elastin

A

allows the walls of the arteries to expand as well as storing potential energy for expansion during systole
- allowing all the blood flow to all the tissues that needs the blood and other stuff

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4
Q

What is the role of collagen

A

during diastole, the potential energy would be released to keep the blood flow going on

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5
Q

how does the arteries convert the pumping into the continuous flow

A
  1. mid systole - energy used to stretch the walls
  2. end of systole, energy stored in elastin
  3. mid diastole - energy released during elastin recoil
  4. end diastole - elastin return to OG shape
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6
Q

What is ABP determined by

A

in the elastic arteries and is the driving force for the blood flow
-SP AND DP too

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7
Q

how to calculate pulse pressure

A

systolic P - diastolic P

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8
Q

how to calculate mean arterial blood pressure

A

DP +((SP -DP)/3) so aorund 93mmHg

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9
Q

What does MAP determine

A

diffusion of substances across the tissues

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10
Q

factors affecting SP, DP, MAP

A

elastin content, stroke vol and peripheral R

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11
Q

factors affecting SP

A
  • SV ejected into the aorta
  • aorta distensibility ( how elastic )
  • ejection Velocity
  • DP of prevoius beat
  • contractility
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12
Q

factors affecting DP

A
  • arteriolar R - vasoconstriction or dilation
  • arterial distensibility
  • HR
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13
Q

how does ageing have an effect on arterial distensibility

A
  • as the age increases, the it becomes less elastic
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14
Q

why does SP increases if the elasticity is reduced

A

the arteries wont be elastic so it wont recoil therefore, the pressure need to be increases to accommodate the flow

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15
Q

why does DP decrease if the elasticity is reduced

A

less energy is stored in the elastin so when less energy is released too

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16
Q

what happens to the SP, DP and MAP during MAP

A

-SP- increased due to increased SV
-TPR - decreased due to muscles dilation so
DP is decreased
-MAP same for sufficient diffusion

17
Q

how is the alveolar gas composition constane

A
  • the ventilation and the metabolism is matched
  • so O2 and CO2 entering and leaving is the same in RS
  • this is important so the arterial blood environment is constant too
18
Q

what is the function of capillaires

A

exchange of substance

19
Q

composition of capillaries

A

purely endothelium so one cell thick

20
Q

types of capillaries

A

continous and fenesrated

21
Q

what happens to the CSA and velocity in the capillaries

A

CSA increases as it branches into smaller ones so the velocity decreases
- flow is slow so the substances can be exchanged

22
Q

forces involved fluid filtration in the capillaries

A

-capillary hydrostatic P
-interstitial oncotic P
interstitial hydrostaic P
plasma oncotic p

23
Q

work out net filtration?

A

Kf x(forces favouring filtration ) - (forces favouring reabsorption)

24
Q

how is the fluid filterated and reabsorbed in peripheral capillaries

A
  • the hydrostatic pressure is higher than oncotic P at the arterial end so the fluid leaves
  • the hydrostatic P is lower than the oncotic P so the fluid is reabsorbed
  • filtration = reabsorption so no net filtration
25
Q

what is the net movement of fluid during vasoconstriction

A

-net reabsorption because the TPR is increased, leading to lower hydrostatic P

26
Q

what is the net movement of fluid during vasodilation

A

Net filtration becuase the TPR is lower and the hydrostatic pressure is higher due to less energy being lost