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CVRS > L13- Haematopoiesis > Flashcards

L13- Haematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is haematopoiesis

A

production of RBCS

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2
Q

how many new RBCs are produced per day

A

4.2 x 10^11 cells

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3
Q

what is the balance that the HMP need

A

production and destruction of cells

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4
Q

what is HMP stem cell

A

a multipotent stem cell that can differentiate into different kinds of cells but limited cells only
- through this cell, the body can maintain high production of RBCs

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5
Q

what stem cell can HMP stem cell be further divided into

A

myeloid and lymphoid stem cell

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6
Q

examples of oligopotent stem cells

A

erythrocytes, monocyte, T and B cells

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7
Q

how can low freq of HMP stem cells lead to big production of RBCs

A

-they are self-renewing and proliferative through symmetric (SD) and asymmetric division (ASD)

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8
Q

what cells are produced during the two types of division of HMP stem cells or HSCs

A

long term and short terms HSCs

- so there is a heterogeneous pool of HCS

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9
Q

difference between LT-HSC and ST-HSC

A

LT- self renew

ST- limited self renew

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10
Q

what states can LT-HSCs be in

A

Quiescent and active

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11
Q

in what condition can active LT-HSCs proliferate

A
  • expansion (SD), maintenance (ASD)and differentiation (ASD)
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12
Q

of what expression can HSCs be defined by

A

surface marker proteins

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13
Q

stages of HMP during emrybonic development

A
  1. 0-6 weeks - primitive HMP - produces first few cells
  2. 2-8 weeks - primitive HSCs move from yolk sac to the AGM
  3. 2-7 months - HMP becomes definitive and populate liver, thymus, spleen and placenta from AGM
  4. 7 months + - populate bone marrow and is now important site for HMP
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14
Q

where is HMP found in infants

A

in all bones

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15
Q

where is HMP found in adults

A

-ribs, skull, vertebrae, pelvis , strenum

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16
Q

why is the environement important for HCS in HMP and what is this environment

A
  • proper function
  • formation of LT-HSCs like during AGM stage
  • the environment is bone marrow niche
17
Q

what is the bone marrow niche

A
  • supports self renewal and differentiation of cells

- has cellular and molecular components

18
Q

how is quiescent HSC maintained in that state in the bone marrow

A

receives a signal from immune cells like macrophages

19
Q

how does Quiescent HSC become active and proliferate

A

-when LT-HSC becomes associated with osteoclast, the QUI-HSCs lose the signal

20
Q

what are the functions of substances secreted from other cells in perivascular niche

A

-drives the proliferation and productions of ST-HSC

21
Q

what molecular components are there

A
  • ECM - basement membrane, integrins

- physical factors like - elastcity

22
Q

cells in the blood cell lineages

A

pluripotent cell -> multipotent progenitors -> commited progenitors -> differentiation of cells

23
Q

molecules controlling BC differentiation

A
  • cytokines and transcription factors - driving differentiation of cell lineages
    • signalling molecules
24
Q

how does cytokines signalling pathways occur

A
  • the erythropoietin (EPO) or thrombopoietin (TPO) is a signalling molecule that binds to a receptor.
  • this initiates cellular pathways and lead to gene transcription
  • differentiation of erythro or megaerythro occurs
25
Q

stages of RBC production

A
  • BFU.CFU erythrocyte
  • proerythroblast
  • intermediate erythroblast
  • late erythroblast
  • reticulocyte
  • erythrocyte
  • HB content increases
26
Q

stages of platelet production

A 
BFU/CFU megaErthryoctye 
-megakaroblast 
megakarocyte
-proplatlet forming megakaryocyte 
-platelets
27
Q

how is platelets released in a blood vessel

A

the megaerythrocytes releases proplatelets into the blood vessels and the platelets are released the from the proplatelets

28
Q

Adaptation of RBCs

A

flattened biconcave dic
no nucleus
the lifespan of 120 days
transports O2

29
Q

adapatation of platelets

A

have granules and cytoskeleton
lifespan of 7 days
haemostasis and release of growth factors for tissue repair

CVRS (19 decks)

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