L18 - Conditioning in Drug Use Flashcards

1
Q

Pavlov drug conditioning study

A
  • Given dogs US of morphine, they would become restless
  • Pair bell with it after a number of pairing they would be restless to the bell, respond to stimuli as if I was taking a drug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hedonistic effects of drugs

A

Drug -> good outcome ( positive reinforcement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Role of context in drug taking

A

Context acts as a discriminative stimulus to see out drugs as a reward and even become conditioned reinforcers in their own right

Put the rat in either side of the chamber, given cocaine in one context and see where they want to spend more time.
- Much more likely to spend more time in cocaine context
Context itself is becoming a conditioned reinforcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Berridge two independent systems for positive motivation

A

1: Wanting system (incentive motivation)
2: a liking system (part of the hedonic system that underlies affective responses such as pleasure

Drug addicts report wanting the drug even after ceasing to like it. This suggests we have 2 independent brain systems for positive motivation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Needle freak phenomenon

A

Just shooting up with saline leads to a high because of the process of shooting up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Motivation for drug taking: WANTING SYSTEM

A

(incentive motivational system)

Causes us to approach cues associated with desirable substance, engage in actions to get this substance. It is normally engaged by biological importance (water, sex).

And through Pav conditioning, CSs can also acquire incentive value (money)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Relationships between wanting and liking

A

we want things we like

liking is controlled by a negative feedback menchanism (satiety)

wanting has not neg feedback of its own, it requires neg feedback from the liking system

Often drug users want drugs long after they have stopped liking it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biological state determining what we like experiment

A
  • Rat tends to prefer sugar more than salt however if you restrict salt intake then they like salt as much as sugar, deprivation increases relative reward
    Reverse effects, as much sugar as it could possibly want the value of sugar would go down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of tolerance

A

Internal sensitivity - increase metabolism, decreased receptor sensitivity

Behaviour tolerance - accustomed to effects of drug

Can also be specific to cues and situations with ingestion - Suggests the role of associative learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Motivation for drug taking: LIKING SYSTEM

A

(part of the hedonic system)

Controlled by negative feedbacks such as satiety etc., and activates the wanting system (we want things we like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Siegel Opietes in rats

A

When tested in different context and tolerance changes then context impacts tolerance
- New vs old context for rats and heroin
- Group B were must less likely to OD when they stay in the same cage
Suggested conditioned tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Remington, Roberts, Glautier

A

Show effect of context and different effects in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tolerance

A

An internal decreased response sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Opponent Process Model

A

Drugs have a large effect on the Central Nervous System that cause physiological changes (these changes are the A-process).

Attempting to maintain or regain homeostasis after drug taking causes the body to initiate drug compensatory responses (these responses are the B-process)

Experienced impact of Drug = A + B

Initial high followed by state of withdrawal

B process slower but lasts longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do drug users do to stop withdrawal?

A

Take more of the drug. Short term fix but causes B state to grow, and user must take more and more of the drug to get a high - tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Siegel explanation of relapse

A

Cues come to be associated with B process feeling

17
Q

Cue association with drugs for addicts

A

If you see someone smoking it may induce withdrawal that motivates me to take a drug

Context alone can induce B process

18
Q

Main arguements of reasons to take drugs

A

Stewart, de wit and eikelboom (positive hedonic effects of drugs, because they act on liking it and effect our neurobiology to like them more)

vs

solomon and corbit/siegel (escape from withdrawal)