L14 Urinary System Flashcards
Define these terms:
Excretion
Elimination
Homeostatic regulation
Excretion = Removal of waste from body fluids. Occurs in the nephrons of the kidney.
Elimination = storage of urine in the bladder and the discharge of waste products.
Homeostatic regulation = Blood plasma volume and pH, plasma ion conc, nutrient concervation, elimination of toxins
Name the fibrous capsule that encases the kidney
Renal capsule
What is the function of the renal capsule?
It prevents infection.
Function of the adipose capsule:
It is a perinephric fatty mass which cushions the kidneys and aids attachment
Name the outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
Renal fascia.
What is the function of the renal fascia?
It anchors the kidney
Function of the perirenal fat:
It is external to the renal fascia and provides protection to the kidneys
Which structures enter at the hilum?
Renal artery, renal nerves
Which structures exit the hilum?
Renal vein, ureter
Name the granular superficial region of the kidney
Renal cortex. It extends into the medulla as renal columns
List the characteristics of the renal medulla
There are 6-18 triangular pyramids separated by renal columns.
What is located at the base of the renal pyramids?
Renal papillae. It opens into the minor calyx.
Name the channel that passes urine towards the renal pelvis
Minor calyx
List the types of nephrons and their locations
Cortical nephron: only just penetrates the medulla.
Juxtamedullary nephron: reaches deep into the medulla.
What is the function of the renal corpuscle?
It contains glomerulus (Bowman’s) capsule which are a network of fenestrated capillaries that filter the blood.
What are podocytes?
Podocytes surround the Bowman’s capsule and adhere to the basal lamina
Name the long passage that begins at the renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
The percentrage of systemic cardiac output that flows through the kidneys is:
1) 18%
2) 23%
3) 25%
25%
Which is the correct order?
1) Distal Convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop.
2) nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, Distal Convoluted tubule
3) proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, Distal Convoluted tubule
3- proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, Distal Convoluted tubule.
What types of epithelia are present in the renal tubule?
PCT = simple cuboidal
nephron loop = squamous then cuboidal
DCT = cuboidal
Which section of the kidney empties urine into the common collecting duct?
Distal convoluted tubule= urine –> common collecting duct –> papillary duct –> renal papillae at the tip of the renal pyramid
What is the pathway of urine?
From renal pelvis –> ureter –> oblique entrance of the urinary bladder
How does urine travel from the ureters to the urinary bladder?
Peristalsis of the smooth muscles
What are the characteristics of a tri-layered wall and where is it found?
The wall of the uereters:
Internal mucosa + transitional epithelium = urothelium.
Medial muscularis layer.
Fibrous external connective tissue = adventitia.
What are the layers of the bladder?
Urothelium = transitional epithelial layer
Muscular layer = detrusor muscle
Adventitia
The triangular area outlined by the openings for the ureters and the urethra is known as the:
1) Triagone
2) Trigone
3) Trinone
Trigone.
Infections tend to persist in this region.
List the characteristics of the urethra
Muscular tube: drains urine from the bladder out of the body.
Internal urethral sphincter: involuntary control at bladder-urethra junction.
External urethral sphincter: voluntary control. Passes through urogenital diaphragm. Controlled by levator ani muscle on the side of the pelvis.
