L14 - Modulation of movement Flashcards
Functions of basal ganglia
1) Selection of complex patterns of voluntary movements
2) Evaluate success of actions in achieving goals
3) Initiating movements
What are the input nuclei of basal ganglia
Caudate and putamen, they receive signals from cerebral cortex
5 parts of basal ganglia
Telencephalon
1) Caudate
2) Putamen - same tissue as caudate until they get separated during development by internal capsule
3) Globus pallidus (external and internal) - collectively aka lentiform nucleus
Midbrain
4) Substantia nigra pars compacta and pars reticulata - compact cells producing melanin used in synthesis of dopamine and also have an input to input nuclei. Pars reticulata started out as part of globus pallidus but got separated during development
Diencephalon
5) Subthalamic nuclei
Function of cerebral aqueduct
Bridges 3rd and 4th ventricle
Disinhibition
When one neuron inhibits inhibition of another neuron
In the basal ganglia, which is the only intrinsic connection that has excitatory neurons?
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra pars compacta D1 and D2 receptors, which one is excitatory?
D1
Functions of the Cerebellum
1) Coordinating the timing and sequence of muscle actions and movements - helps us with smooth and fluid movement rather than being awkward and clumsy
2) The maintenance of muscle tone
3) Motor learning
4) Planning sequences of muscle activation for complex movements
Where do cerebellum sit on brainstem?
Cerebellar peduncles (Superior, middle, inferior)
Inferior olive
It is closely associated with the cerebellum, meaning that it is involved in control and coordination of movements, sensory processing and cognitive tasks likely by encoding the timing of sensory input independently of attention or awareness .
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
Major relay center for unconscious proprioception
