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Micro Winter Exam 2 > L13: Hepatitis Part 2 > Flashcards

L13: Hepatitis Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key viruses associated with viral hepatitis?

A

HBV, HDV, HCV

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2
Q

What is the pathogenesis of HBV?

A

HBV is non-cytolytic and does not cause cell death. Acute symptoms develop due to cytotoxic T cell response against infected hepatocytes.

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3
Q

What is the incubation period for HBV?

A

1-6 months

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4
Q

What leads to acute symptoms in HBV infection?

A

Cytotoxic T cell response directed against infected hepatocytes

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5
Q

What type of hypersensitivity response is associated with HBV due to antigen excess?

A

Type III hypersensitivity response

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6
Q

Define HBsAg.

A

Hepatitis B surface antigen (envelope and surface proteins)

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7
Q

Define HBsAb.

A

Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs)

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8
Q

What does HBcAb indicate?

A

Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)

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9
Q

What is indicated by a positive HBsAg, HBcAb and HBV DNA BUT negative HBsAb?

A

Chronic HBV infection

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10
Q

What does the presence of IgM anti-HBc indicate?

A

Acute HBV disease (< 6 months)

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11
Q

What is the major determinant of chronicity in HBV infection?

A

Age at transmission

Perinatal - 90% chronic course

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12
Q

What is the percentage of chronic HBV infection in perinatal transmission?

A

~90%

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13
Q

What does chronic HBV infection require for diagnosis?

A

HBsAg positive, HBsAb negative, HBcAb positive, HBV DNA positive

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14
Q

What is the standard treatment for acute HBV?

A

Supportive care. Generally no treatment needed

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15
Q

What is the effectiveness of the HBV vaccine?

A

95% effective and provides lifelong protection

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16
Q

What is the recommendation for vaccinating newborns against HBV?

A

Vaccinate all newborns within 24 hours of birth

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17
Q

What is Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)?

A

A defective ssRNA virus that requires HBsAg for its envelope

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18
Q

What are the transmission risks associated with HDV?

A

Similar to HBV

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19
Q

What is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the US?

A

Hepatitis C

20
Q

What are the primary risk factors for Hepatitis C transmission in the US?

A

IVDU and sexual transmission

21
Q

What is the genotype that accounts for ~75% of Hepatitis C cases in the US?

A

Genotype 1

22
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Hepatitis C?

A

Hepatitis C is non-cytolytic, with cell death from cytotoxic T cells

23
Q

What is the main mechanism of action for antiviral medications used in chronic HBV treatment?

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

24
Q

What is the role of protease inhibitors in Hepatitis C treatment?

A

They increase cure rates, especially for genotype 1

25
Q

What is the recommendation for HCV testing?

A

One-time testing for all adults born between 1946-1965

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of HBsAg indicates _______.

A

active infection

27
Q

Fill in the blank: The detection of HBsAb represents _______.

A

immunity from infection/vaccination

28
Q

True or False: HCV antibodies are protective.

A

False

29
Q

What is the primary complication of chronic HCV infection?

A

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

30
Q

What is the role of HBIG in HBV prevention?

A

Passive immunization for post-exposure prophylaxis

31
Q

What is the key takeaway regarding HBV and HCV transmission?

A

Both are transmitted through contact with infected blood/bodily fluids

32
Q

What does detection of HDAg indicate?

A

Co-infection with HDV and worse outcomes

33
Q

What is the primary method for HCV diagnosis?

A

Detection of anti-HCV by ELISA and confirmatory NATs to detect HCV RNA

34
Q

What is the cornerstone of protection against HBV?

A

HBV vaccination with HBsAg recombinant protein

35
Q

When is vaccination critical to prevent maternal to child transmission of HBV?

A

Within 24 hours of birth

36
Q

Why is there currently no HCV vaccine?

A

Due to genetic variability

37
Q

What is a key strategy to prevent the spread of HCV?

A

Education and treatment of infected individuals

38
Q

What recent advancements have been made in HCV therapeutics?

A

Game-changing therapeutics that target viral protease, NS5B/polymerase, and NS5A

39
Q

Fill in the blank: HCV therapeutics work in combination to target the viral _______.

A

[protease]

40
Q

Fill in the blank: HCV therapeutics include drugs ending in _______ for protease inhibitors.

A

[…Previr]

41
Q

Fill in the blank: HCV therapeutics include drugs ending in _______ for polymerase inhibitors.

A

[…buvir]

42
Q

Fill in the blank: HCV therapeutics include drugs ending in _______ for NS5A inhibitors.

A

[…asvir]

43
Q

True or False: HCV vaccination is currently available.

A

False

44
Q

What is the recommended action for inquiries related to the lecture?

A

E-mail or stop by the office

45
Q

How quickly will emails be returned?

A

Within a 24 hr period

Micro Winter Exam 2 (12 decks)

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