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Micro Winter Exam 2 > L11: EBV, CMV & Mumps > Flashcards

L11: EBV, CMV & Mumps Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structural characteristics of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?

A
  • Linear dsDNA genome
  • lipid envelope
  • icosahedral virion
  • humans are the only reservoir

Over 90% of adults are seropositive for EBV.

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2
Q

What is the primary route of entry for EBV?

A

Saliva

Often referred to as ‘kissing disease’.

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3
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of primary EBV infection in teens/adults?

A

Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, especially posterior cervical lymph nodes

General symptoms include fatigue, headache, anorexia.

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4
Q

What is the clinical triad of primary EBV infection?

A

Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy

Especially posterior cervical lymph nodes due to paracortex enlargement.

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5
Q

What complications can arise from EBV infection?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly, splenic rupture risk

Abdominal pain may occur.

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6
Q

How are heterophile antibodies related to EBV diagnosis?

A

Acute EBV infection triggers their production, not specific to EBV antigens

The ‘Monospot’ test detects IgM antibodies with affinity for sheep and horse RBCs.

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7
Q

What are the limitations of heterophile antibody tests for diagnosing EBV?

A

Not positive during incubation period or early clinical illness, less sensitive in children

Repeat testing may be necessary if done early.

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8
Q

What is the significance of Anti-VCA IgM in EBV diagnosis?

A

Appears early and usually disappears within 4-6 weeks

Indicates acute infection.

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9
Q

What does the presence of Nuclear Antigen (EBNA) antibodies indicate?

A

Establishment of latency, persists indefinitely

Expressed ~2-4 months after infection.

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10
Q

What is the pathogenesis of EBV latency?

A

Latently-infected B cells express viral gene products and proliferate indefinitely

Hallmark of cancer.

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11
Q

Name three EBV-associated cancers.

A
  • Burkitt’s lymphoma
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

CNS lymphoma is an AIDS-defining illness.

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12
Q

What are the properties of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

A

Enveloped, dsDNA virus, establishes latent infections

Primarily infects CD34+ progenitor cells.

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13
Q

What are common manifestations of CMV in immunocompetent individuals?

A

Typically asymptomatic or causes mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis syndrome is rare.

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14
Q

What are neonatal manifestations of congenital CMV infection?

A
  • Hearing loss
  • Seizures
  • Petechial rash
  • Chorioretinitis
  • Periventricular calcifications

The petechial rash is often referred to as ‘blueberry muffin’ rash.

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15
Q

What are the serious manifestations of CMV in immunocompromised patients?

A
  • Colitis
  • Retinitis
  • Esophagitis
  • Encephalitis
  • Pneumonitis

Commonly summarized as CREEP.

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16
Q

How does CMV primarily disseminate during the first infection?

A

Seeds the lung, spleen, and liver

This is part of the primary dissemination cycle.

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17
Q

What is the characteristic cytopathological effect of CMV?

A

Massive cell enlargement, known as cytomegalo

Histopathologically detected by ‘Owl’s eye’ inclusions.

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18
Q

What is the treatment for severe CMV disease in transplant patients?

A

Ganciclovir (valganciclovir)

Nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA synthesis.

19
Q

What type of vaccine is used to prevent mumps?

A

Live attenuated vaccine

Contraindications include immunocompromised status.

20
Q

What is a key characteristic of the Mumps virus?

A

Negative-sense, ssRNA virus

It encodes its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

21
Q

True or False: Humans are the only natural host for the Mumps virus.

A

True

22
Q

What type of virus causes mumps?

A

Enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus

Mumps is specifically known as a (-)ssRNA virus.

23
Q

What is the only natural host for the mumps virus?

A

Humans

Prior to vaccination, almost all children were infected early in life.

24
Q

How does the mumps virus enter the body?

A

Direct contact with saliva or airborne transmission from an infected person

25
Q

What are the initial symptoms following the incubation period of mumps?

A

Fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, anorexia

26
Q

What is parotitis?

A

Painful swelling of the parotid gland

27
Q

What complications can arise from mumps, especially in adults?

A
  • Deafness
  • Orchitis
  • Oophoritis
  • Meningitis/encephalitis
  • Viruria/renal involvement
  • Pancreatitis

DOOM VP

28
Q

What is the primary method of diagnosing mumps?

A

Clinical diagnosis with febrile parotitis and laboratory confirmation via RT-PCR or IgM serology

29
Q

What is the name of the mumps vaccine?

A

Mumpsvax Jeryl Lynn Strain

30
Q

What year was the mumps vaccine released?

A

1967

31
Q

What is the contraindication for the mumps vaccine?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Immunocompromised individuals
  • Neomycin-sensitive patients
32
Q

What is the significance of Jeryl Lynn in relation to the mumps vaccine?

A

She is the source of the vaccine strain.

33
Q

What is the role of EBV (HHV-4)?

A

Enveloped, double-stranded DNA herpesvirus that primarily infects B cells and causes infectious mononucleosis.

34
Q

What are the common symptoms of infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV?

A

Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy

35
Q

What aids in the diagnosis of EBV?

A
  • Presence of EBV-specific antibodies
  • Heterophile antibodies (Monospot test)
  • Atypical T cells on blood smears
36
Q

What is CMV (HHV-5) primarily known for?

A

Infection of epithelial and mononuclear cells, potentially causing mononucleosis in immunocompetent individuals.

37
Q

What condition is commonly associated with CMV in AIDS patients?

A

CMV retinitis with cotton-wool spots

38
Q

What is the significance of CMV as a ToRCH pathogen?

A

It is a severe neonatal pathogen.

39
Q

What is a characteristic presentation of CMV infection in neonates?

A

Blueberry muffin rash

40
Q

How is CMV diagnosed?

A

Owl eye intranuclear inclusions

41
Q

What treatment is available for CMV?

A

Ganciclovir

42
Q

What key characteristic defines mumps?

A

Painful swelling of the parotid glands

43
Q

Fill in the blank: Mumps is preventable by a _______.

A

live attenuated vaccine

Micro Winter Exam 2 (12 decks)

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