L1 - Thoracic Wall & Lungs Flashcards by Rawan Alkhateeb

Superior Thoracic Aperture

the 1st rib and clavicles wrapped around

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Inferior Thoracic Apature

Along the bottom ribs, around the back and across the spine

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The Mammary Gland is to the pectoralis major.

What does the Mammary Gland consist of?

Superficial

It consists of:

glandular tissue
ducts

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True or False

Inactive breast consists of adipose tissue.

True

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What is the arterial supply of the breast?

Lateral Thoracic –> Lateral mammary branches

Internal Thoracic –> Medial mammary branches

Intercostal Arteries –> Inferior mammary branches

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What is the lymphatic drainage of the breast?

Sentinel (Initial) Lymph Nodes

Axillary (lateral)

Parasternal (medial)

Inferior phrenic (inferior)

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What is the major lymphatic drainage of the breast?

Axillary Lymph Nodes

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The thoracic cavity is bounded by ?

the sternum

ribs

bodies of the vertebrae

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How many pairs of ribs are there?

Name and describe them

12 pairs of ribs

True (Pairs: 1-7)

Connect DIRECTLY to the sternum via costal cartilage

False (Pairs: 8-10)

Connect INDIRECTLY to the sternum via costal cartilage of the rib above them

Floating (Pairs: 11 and 12)

Do NOT connect to the sternum

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What Separates the Superior Mediastinum from the Inferior Mediastinum?

Sternal Plane (Angle of Louis)

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Where does the sternal angle attach?

attaches 2nd rib

Extends posterior between T4 and T5

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Which bones are associated with the thoracic wall?

clavicle and scapula

allow for shoulder movement

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The first rib articulates through

The second through seventh ribs articulate through

a cartilaginous joint (immovable)

synovial joints (some movement)

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Why is it important to have the first rib stable?

it stabilizes all the other ribs as they move

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True or False

The sternal angle divides the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum.

True

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The head of the rib articulates with?

The tubercle articulates with?

the body of 2 vertebrae

the transverse process

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The costal cartilage of the true ribs articulates

The false ribs articulate with

The floating ribs

directly with the sternum

the with the costal cartilage of the seventh

have no anterior articulation 

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What is superior to inferior in the costal groove?

Vein

Artery

Nerve

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Where is the costal groove located?

Between the internal intercostal and the innermost intercostal muscles

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Head of each rib articulates at

The tubercle of each rib articulates with

ICF articulates to the rib

Ex: ICF of V6 binds to

SCF and TCF articulate to

two different vertebrae

the same vertebrae

BELOW

rib 7

the SAME rib

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The neurovascular bundle in the costal groove is located where?

A. Deep to the innermost intercostal muscle

B. Between the external and internal intercostal muscles

C. Between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

D. Superficial to the external intercostal muscle

C. Between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

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The first rib is

flattened superior-inferior, instead of anterior-posterior

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The groove for the subclavian vein is

The groove for the s-c artery is to the scalene tubercle.

Subclavian Vein –> Anterior

Subclavian Artery –> Posterior

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Scalenes can become what for breathing?

accessory muscles

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Name the muscles of the thoracic wall

**Pectoralis major** **Pectoralis minor** **Serratus anterior**

The external intercostal muscle becomes

**membranous** at around the junction of the ribs and costal cartilage It continues as a **membrane anteriorly** IMPortant **EMA**il

The external intercostal muscle runs

**Lateral to Medial** as you travel superior to inferior

The internal intercostals are muscular and membranous .

**anteriorly** **posterior** **IMP**ortant EMAil

The internal intercostal muscle runs

**Medial to Lateral** as you go inferiorly

Innermost costal muscles are

mostly on the lateral aspect and are DEEP to the vascular bundle

Where is the Transversus Thoracis located? Transversus Thoracis is to the innermost intercostal muscle?

On the **inside of the chest wall** **Deep** to the innermost

How does the Transverse Thoracis travel?

Name the muscles involved in Inspiration

**External intercostals** **Internal intercostals (interchondral part)** **Diaphragm**

Name the muscles involved in Expiration

**Internal intercostals**

External Intercostal Internal Intercostal Innermost Intercostal

L --\> M M --\> L Superior --\> Inferior

Identify this structure

External Intercostal Muscle

Identify this structure

Internal intercostal muscle

Which of these matches correctly? A. External Intercostals…Run Medial to Lateral B. Internal Intercostals…Run Lateral to Medial C. External Intercostals…Run Lateral to Medial D. None of the above

**C. External Intercostals…Run Lateral to Medial**

True or False There are no anterior or posterior intercostal nerves, they all come off the spinal cord

**True**

What muscles are innervated by the dorsal primary rami?

**Deep back muscles**

What runs on both sides of the vertebral column?

**Sympathetic trunk**

Name the layers of the lung

Outside to Inside: **Parietal Layer** (Pleural Cavity btwn) **Visceral Layer**

What is the layer against the lung itself?

**Visceral layer** visceral --\> means organ

The Diaphragm separates the thorax and the abdomen, what goes through the diaphragm?

**IVC**: 8th Vertebrae **Esophagus**: 10th Vertebrae **Aorta**: 12th Vertebrae "I Ate 10 Eggs At 12"

Where can you drain access fluids from?

**recesses**

extends inferiorly to the lung and into narrow spaces around the lung forming recesses. (i.e. costodiaphragmatic, costomedialstinal)

**The pleura**

**Posterior view showing lungs and pleura**

How many lobes does the right lung have? How many lobes does the left lung have?

Right Lung --\> **3 Lobes** Superior Middle Inferior Left Lung --\> **2 Lobes** Superior Inferior

The is kind of the remnant of the “3rd Lobe” of the left lung

**lingula**

What level does the IVC go through at the diaphragm? T6 T8 T10 T12

**T8**

What runs between the pleura and the pericardium?

**the phrenic nerve (C3-5)** C3 C4 C5 keeps you alive

The phrenic nerve supplies innervation to what structure?

**Diaphragm**

In the right lung, where vessels and bronchi enter and exit lung

**Hilus area**

Pulmonary ligament

**Folding of parietal and visceral pleura**

How many fissures do you have on the right lung? How many fissures do you have on the left lung?

**Two** 1. Horizontal fissure - separates superior from middle 2. Oblique Fissure - separates superior and Inferior **One** 1. Oblique fissure - separates superior and Inferior