L1- Receptors - Intro to pharm Flashcards
What were opiates first used as?
An analgesic for pain relief
What is the active ingredient for opiates?
Morphine
What is a drug?
A chemical of known structure, that when administered produces biological effect
3 Classes of drug
synthetic chemical
plant chemical
biopharmaceutical
What is a medicine?
A preparation that contains one or more drugs administered to produce theraputic effect
What can be injected to create proetins that lead to antibodies?
Oligonucleotides
What is gene therapy?
addition of genetic material to cells to prevent, alleviate or cure.
What are first generation biologics?
copies of endogenous protiens produced by recombinant DNA technology
What are second generation biologics?
engineered proteins to improve performance
What are New Biologics?
engineerd humanised monoclonal antibodies
What can be found at the end of a drug name refers to it being a monoclonal antinbody?
“MAB”
Define Pharmacoepidemiolgy?
the study of drug effects at population level
How do most drugs exert their action?
by interacting with proteins
What are receptors?
- macromolecular proteins that serve as recognition sites.
- any protein of a cell that can bind a molecule/drug, which then modulates some activity of the cell.
What are enzymes
Chemical messengers
Agonists
bind to a receptor, turning it on and bringing about change
Antagonists
bind to a receptor and cause no change, blocks the receptor from working
Inverse agonists
binds to a receptor and reduces the signaling
How can drugs effect channels?
They can block them peventing signaling. eg Lidocane
How can drugs effect enzymes?
By acting as inhibitors, false substrates or prodrugs
What drug is used to treat inflammatory conditions such as gout? (prevent microtubule assembly)
Colchicine
What drug affects microtubule dissasssembly and can also be used as chemotherapy?
Paclitaxel
What is endocrine communication?
- Long distance signaling.
- When a cell signals to cells distributed
widely in the body. - signalling molecules/mediators are
secreted into the bloodstream
What is paracrine communication?
- Extracellular signal molecules/mediator
act locally. - Cell signals to neighbouring cells.
- Stored in vesicles Or synthesised on
demand and diffuse to neighbouring cells.
What is Nitric Oxide and what does it do?
Its a paracrine mediator synthesised by endothelial cells and casues smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation.
How does vigra work?
Inhibits the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cGMP, prolonging the action of NO.
Where is contact dependant signaling mainly used?
In the immune system.
